Maize germination

Laboratory germination of maize is determined by germinating 200–400 seeds in an incubator on substrates such as moist sand, agroperlite, or filter paper at a humidity of 65–70%. Germination energy, which characterizes the uniformity of emergence, is recorded on the 4th day, while final germination is recorded on the 7th day.

Seed lots with a germination rate of 90% or higher are considered high-quality; for early sowing dates, values of 95–96% are optimal. Rates below established standards require an adjustment of the seeding rate to ensure the target plant stand density, as field germination of maize is always lower than laboratory germination due to the influence of environmental conditions.

Uniformity of germination is critical for maize yield potential, as plants that lag in development by 4 or more days are unable to compete effectively for light and nutrients. Uniform emergence also ensures simultaneous pollination, which guarantees ear uniformity and facilitates mechanized harvesting.