Maize Ear

In agronomy and breeding, the maize ear is evaluated by a complex of biometric indicators, including total and grain-bearing length, diameter, mass, and grain structure, expressed by the number of longitudinal rows and the number of kernels per row. Additionally, kernel density, tip fill degree, and physiological maturity, determined by the formation of the 'black layer' at the grain attachment point to the cob, are taken into account.

The production value of an ear depends on the FAO maturity group and the intended use of the hybrid. Most varieties form 1–2 ears, while prolificacy serves as a distinct breeding trait for increasing productivity. Under stress conditions, such as drought or nutrient deficiency, the plant tends to reduce the number of ovaries or form underdeveloped ears with incomplete grain set.

Harvesting efficiency and moisture loss intensity depend on the ear orientation and the condition of its husks. When assessing potential yield, agronomists consider that the visual size of the ear does not always correlate with the final result, which largely depends on plant density and the thousand-kernel weight.