In breeding and variety testing, quantitative parameters are used to evaluate the ear: ear insertion height, linear dimensions, number of rows and kernels, grain weight per ear, and the number of ears per plant. Ear insertion height is critical for harvesting: to minimize losses during mechanization, an optimal threshold is considered to be around 50 cm, whereas an excessively high position complicates combine operations.
Hybrid productivity is determined by length, diameter, and grain fill, while prolificacy is considered a yield reserve, often limited by flowering asynchrony. Under adverse conditions, kernel abortion occurs — the underdevelopment of kernels caused by disruption of the fertilization process and nutritional deficiency, which reduces the final yield.
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Ear.