Variety traits

Sorghum growing season

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

A biological trait measured in days from emergence to full grain maturity, which determines zoning and agronomic risks for the crop. Sorghum varieties are divided into groups ranging from early-maturing (90–105 days) to late-maturing (more than 120–130 days).

In the reference 43 varieties crop Sorghum, where this is mentioned in the description.

The duration of the growing season in Sorghum bicolor is classified by maturity groups: early-maturing varieties ripen in 90–105 days, mid-season varieties in 106–120 days, and late-maturing varieties in 120–130 days or more. To evaluate photoperiod sensitivity, the 'emergence to flowering' period is the key indicator, while the time to reach full grain maturity is used for the general assessment of ripeness.

Heat requirements depend on the maturity group: early-maturing forms require a cumulative active temperature of 2000–2400 °C, whereas late-maturing forms require 2800–3500 °C. Selecting a variety with an unsuitable growing season creates the risk of lower grain yields due to early frosts, which limits the use of the crop to forage purposes only.

Technological features include the dependence of seeding density on maturity, as early varieties produce fewer grains per panicle and require higher stand density. Sorghum breeding is focused on a 115–120-day growth threshold, as exceeding this duration hinders stable seed maturation.

General information about the subject — on the page Vegetation period.

Sources8

Varieties of Sorghum mentioned in the description

Selection based on the description text, not on official evaluation: these data are absent from registers. For specific variety details, please refer to its profile.