Cultivation

Winter and spring growth habits — common wheat

Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum

The differentiation of common wheat into winter and spring forms is determined by the allelic state of the VRN-1 gene system (Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1), which controls the vernalization requirement.

In the reference 10 varieties crop Bread wheat, where this is mentioned in the description.

In common wheat, winter forms carry recessive alleles of the vrn-A1, vrn-B1, and vrn-D1 genes, making their development dependent on exposure to low temperatures. Spring forms contain dominant alleles at the same loci that eliminate this requirement, ensuring the transition to reproductive development without vernalization.

Genetic regulation of development in hexaploid wheat is complicated by the presence of three homeologous genomes (A, B, and D), as well as interactions with photoperiod sensitivity (Ppd) genes and earliness per se (Eps) genes. The vernalization requirement is expressed quantitatively depending on allelic variations in the first intron of the VRN-1 genes.

In common wheat breeding, a group of facultative wheats is distinguished, possessing an intermediate type of development. A complex system of epistatic interactions between the Vrn-1, Vrn-2, and Vrn-3 loci allows the plant to adapt to various climatic conditions through the fine-tuning of ontogenetic phases.

General information about the subject — on the page Winter and spring forms.

Sources8

Varieties of Bread wheat mentioned in the description

Selection based on the description text, not on official evaluation: these data are absent from registers. For specific variety details, please refer to its profile.