A defining factor of productivity that sets the plant development scenario for winter hardening in winter forms or the efficient use of spring moisture in spring forms.
In the reference
195
varieties
crop Bread wheat,
where this is mentioned in the description.
For winter wheat, the biological objective of the sowing date is to reach the tillering phase and accumulate at least 20% soluble sugars in the tillering nodes before the onset of persistent frost. Optimal conditions for these processes are +8…+10 °C, whereas growth ceases when temperatures drop below +3…+4 °C. Early sowing leads to overgrowth and reduced frost resistance, while excessively late sowing results in poor development and a yield loss of 20–30%.
Spring wheat does not require hardening; therefore, its sowing dates are strictly tied to the efficient use of spring moisture reserves for the rapid formation of the secondary root system. Delaying sowing shortens the growing season, forcing the crop to progress through developmental stages under elevated temperatures, which significantly lowers yield potential. Soft wheat possesses high cold tolerance and begins to germinate at +2…+5 °C.
General information about the subject — on the page
Sowing date.
Varieties of Bread wheat mentioned in the description
Selection based on the description text, not on official evaluation: these data are absent from registers. For specific variety details, please refer to its profile.