A biological breeding tool for winter rye aimed at producing F1 hybrids, based on the use of female lines with sterile pollen. The Pampa and Gülzower CMS types are employed, with their efficacy assessed by the fertility restoration index.
In the reference
25
varieties
crop Rye,
where this is mentioned in the description.
In winter rye breeding, the primary CMS systems are the P-type (Pampa) and G-type (Gülzower). The P-type is characterized by the difficulty in selecting restorers due to the low frequency of corresponding genes in natural populations. The application of these systems eliminates the need for manual emasculation when producing hybrid seeds, ensuring the development of heterotic forms with yields 10–12% higher than those of population varieties.
To evaluate these systems, the fertility restoration index (RI) is used, determined in testcrosses as a percentage. RI values below 1–2% are characteristic of maintainer lines, whereas full grain set in commercial hybrids requires RI values ranging from 67% to 90%. The stability of sterility expression in the female line and the efficiency of fertility restoration in the male parent are critical factors in preventing floret sterility.
Selection based on the description text, not on official evaluation: these data are absent from registers. For specific variety details, please refer to its profile.