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Variety traits

Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS)

CMS is a condition in plants where pollen is either not produced or is non-viable despite the normal development of female organs. It is a fundamental trait in commercial seed production that prevents self-pollination and allows the production of hybrid seeds without manual emasculation.

Mentioned in descriptions 4 451 varieties reference book.

Cytoplasmic male sterility manifests as the absence of fertile pollen, while pistillate organs remain functional. In breeding processes, such plants are used as maternal lines, which are pollinated by paternal forms to ensure 100% hybridity of the offspring. To obtain commercial fertile hybrids, nuclear fertility-restorer genes are introduced into the plant genotype, ensuring normal pollen development in the final product.

The trait is evaluated by determining the degree of pollen sterility, morphological examination of anthers for signs of degeneration and their ability to dehisce, as well as by microscopic analysis of pollen grains. Modern methods include the use of molecular DNA markers to identify sterility genes in mitochondria and restorer genes in the nucleus.

The manifestation of CMS depends on the interaction between the genotype and environmental conditions, including temperature and humidity, which can affect the stability of the trait. Incomplete fertility restoration in commercial crops can lead to seed set issues, so when selecting a hybrid, the originator's guarantee regarding the effective performance of fertility restorers under field conditions is important.

Sources10

Breakdown by crop

Male Sterility (CMS) — Hydrangea macrophylla 278 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Maize 76 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Sunflower 74 Male Sterility (CMS) — Sugar Beet 65 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rapeseed 62 Male sterility in Hydrangea 37 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) — Rye 25 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rapeseed 23 Male sterility (CMS) — Spanish lavender 17 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rice 15 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Tobacco 14 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) — White Cabbage 11 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Sorghum 10 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Sweet Cherry 9 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) in Cauliflower 8 Male sterility in Buddleja 8 Male sterility (CMS) — giant miscanthus 8 Male sterility in lilies 8 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Barley 7 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) in Broccoli 7 Male sterility in mandarin 7 Male sterility in carrot 6 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) in Hibiscus syriacus × Hibiscus paramutabilis hybrids 6 Male Sterility (CMS) — Sweet Chestnut 6

Found in these crops

Bigleaf hydrangea 278 Tea-of-heaven 104 Panicled hydrangea 94 Sunflower 77 Maize 74 Rapeseed 69 Sugar beet 64 Hydrangea 38 Rye 26 Rapeseed 22 French lavender 21 Apple 20

Varieties that feature this in their description

Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.

Red Jonaprince

Active

Malus domestica (Suckow) Borkh. · Apple

Wilton Weert B.V. (NL)

CZ FR HU NL PL SK
26 records

Conca d'Or

Active

Lilium L. · Lily

Vletter en den Haan Beheer B.V.

PL
11 records

Wilton's Star

Active

Malus domestica (Suckow) Borkh. · Apple

Wilton Weert B.V.

NL
10 records

Tang Gold

Active

Citrus reticulata Blanco · Mandarin orange

The Regents of the University of California

10 records

Ice Chip

Active

Buddleja L. · Buddleia

Werner Dennis J. / Snelling Layne K.

7 records

PH 1023 B

Active

Helianthus annuus L. · Sunflower

Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc., USA

UA
6 records

Lolly Pop

Active

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. · Bigleaf hydrangea

Kolk Jacobus W. P.|1187 NK Amstelveen, NL

FR
6 records

Hybnos 1

Protection expired

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

Nordsaat Saatzuchtgesellschaft mbH

AT DK
6 records

MSL 027 C

Active

Brassica napus var. napus · Rapeseed

Norddeutsche Pflanzenzucht Hans-Georg Lembke KG

DE DK
7 records

2607 A

Active

Helianthus annuus L. · Sunflower

Y. Stoyanova, P. Petrov, V. Velkov, A. Piskov, P. Ivanov, P. Shindrova, F. Tsvetkova, I. Ivanov

BG UA
4 records

RIE 13

Active

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. · Bigleaf hydrangea

Ryoji Irie

FR
4 records

Purple Haze

Active

Buddleja L. · Buddleia

North Carolina State University / North Carolina State University

4 records

Heaven's Gate

Active

Coreopsis rosea Nutt. · Pink coreopsis

Sunny Border Nurseries

4 records

Kirine-12

Active

Nemesia Vent. · Nemesia

Takeshita Daigaku|Tochigi-ken, JP

4 records

Kirine-9

Active

Nemesia Vent. · Nemesia

Takeshita Daigaku|Tochigi-ken, JP

4 records

Cat's Meow

Active

Nepeta x faassenii Bergmans ex Stearn · Faassen's catnip

Walters Gardens Inc

4 records

Piiha-I

Active

Hydrangea arborescens L. · Smooth hydrangea

MICHAEL A DIRR

4 records

Kirine 34

Active

Nemesia Vent. · Nemesia

Takeshita Daigaku|Tochigi-ken, JP

4 records

JWNWOOD 4

Active

Hibiscus syriacus L. · Rose of Sharon

Woods Roderick

4 records

Autumn Blush

Active

Coreopsis L. · Tickseed

TERRA NOVA NURSERIES INC

4 records

Osmancik-97

Active

Oryza sativa L. · Rice

NECMI BESER, HALIL SUREK

BG UA
6 records

Picasso

Active

Secale cereale L. · Rye

WILDE PEER

AT BG CZ DE DK FI +7
34 records

Brasetto

Active

Secale cereale L. · Rye

Peer Wilde^^^Brigitta Schmiedchen^^^Jutta Menzel

AT CZ DE DK FI LT +4
22 records

Areko

Active

Prunus avium (L.) L. · Sweet cherry

Schuster Mirko

DE
17 records

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