In pea cultivation, winter forms are represented by facultative "dual-purpose" types capable of overwintering at temperatures down to -13 °C. Their use allows for efficient utilization of autumn-winter moisture and avoidance of high summer temperatures, ensuring yield stability.
In the reference
24
varieties
crop Pea,
where this is mentioned in the description.
Overwintering pea varieties possess a specific adaptation that allows them to withstand temperature drops at the seed burial depth down to -13 °C, which is comparable to the winter hardiness of winter barley. By their biological nature, these forms are closer to "dual-purpose" types, as they can develop under spring sowing conditions; however, they demonstrate maximum green mass and grain productivity specifically when planted in autumn.
The main advantage of winter forms is the early completion of critical developmental phases, which allows the plants to escape summer droughts. With autumn sowing in September or October, the optimal phase for entering winter is considered to be the formation of four trifoliate leaves. Modern breeding of such varieties is focused on developing semi-leafless forms with resistance to lodging and seed shattering.
Selection based on the description text, not on official evaluation: these data are absent from registers. For specific variety details, please refer to its profile.