Waxy bloom (epicuticular wax) is a layer of substances on the surface of leaves, stems, and fruits that acts as a transpiration barrier, reducing moisture loss during drought conditions and reflecting ultraviolet radiation for protection against overheating. Visually, it manifests as a characteristic glaucous sheen on the plant's surface.
The intensity of bloom formation is determined by the genetic characteristics of the variety, but is subject to environmental factors. Wax synthesis increases at lower temperatures (below 15 °C), higher levels of UV radiation, and moisture deficit, which allows the plant to adapt to changing growing conditions.
In the state variety testing system, this trait is assessed visually by experts on a scoring scale, where the degree of expression is determined by comparison with an accepted standard. The presence of a strong waxy bloom increases the crop's resistance to pest damage, but creates a hydrophobic surface that requires a specific approach to the selection of adjuvants when conducting treatments.