Diseases
Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum
A collective term for a group of dangerous fungal diseases of soft wheat caused by species of the order Ustilaginales, including loose, common (stinking), dwarf, and flag smut forms.
In the reference 4 varieties crop Bread wheat, where this is mentioned in the description.
Loose smut, caused by Ustilago tritici, manifests during the heading stage by transforming the spike into a black, powdery mass of spores. Common bunt (stinking smut), provoked by Tilletia caries, T. laevis, or T. intermedia, is detected during the milk stage: the grain is replaced by smut balls with a trimethylamine odor, while the spikes remain upright with spreading glumes. Dwarf bunt (Tilletia controversa), in addition to spike deformation, causes pronounced stunting and excessive tillering of the plants.
The pathogens exhibit high race variability: more than 40–67 races have been described for loose smut and 13 or more for common bunt, which defines the complexity of phytopathological control. The genetic resistance of soft wheat to common bunt is provided by specific Bt-genes (Bt1–Bt10), among which Bt4, Bt9, and Bt10 are recognized as the most effective. Resistance to loose smut is controlled by Ut-type genes, and specific sources of resistance, such as the Thatcher cultivar, are actively used in breeding.
General information about the subject — on the page Smut.
Selection based on the description text, not on official evaluation: these data are absent from registers. For specific variety details, please refer to its profile.
Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum · Bread wheat
MESKEN| Ir. Mannes Mesken
Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum · Bread wheat
RAGT2n Herrn Hilmar Cöster
Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum · Bread wheat
BREUN JOSEF| Josef Breun / BREUN MONIKA| Monika Breun
Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum · Bread wheat
Dr. Klaus Richter in Fa. Syngenta Hadmersleben GmbH