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Diseases

Smut

Ustilaginomycetes

Smut is a group of cereal diseases caused by fungi, in which plant tissues are destroyed and replaced by a mass of black or dark brown spores. The disease is difficult to diagnose until the heading stage, yet it can lead to the loss of half the crop yield.

Mentioned in descriptions 5 110 varieties reference book.

Smut manifests as the destruction of plant tissues, which are replaced by a powdery mass of teliospores. In the case of loose smut, the entire ear is affected, becoming dusty, while its rachis often remains bare. Covered smut is characterized by the preservation of the grain coat, inside which the mycelium develops; when crushed, a specific "herring" odor is detected.

The development of the disease depends on the biological characteristics of the pathogen and environmental conditions. Loose smut infects the plant during the flowering phase under high humidity and temperatures from +22 to +27 °C, overwintering inside the grain. Covered smut infects the plant during the seed germination period from inoculum present on the surface of the caryopsis or in the soil.

Varietal resistance is provided by genetic mechanisms that prevent the pathogen from penetrating the ovary or block the development of mycelium in the seedling. In the variety testing system, the degree of infection is assessed visually at the full maturity stage, and varieties demonstrating a minimal percentage of infected ears compared to the standards receive higher ratings.

Sources10

Breakdown by crop

Common Smut of Maize 777 Maize Smut 300 Smut — Common Wheat 218 Barley Smut 162 Smut in Sweet Corn 44 Smut of oats 31 Smut of Kentucky bluegrass 24 Bunt of Durum Wheat 22 Loose smut of millet 18 Triticale Loose and Bunt Smut 16 Sorghum Smut 6 Loose smut of Triticum monococcum L. 6 Spelt smut 5 Smut — naked oats 5 Smut of grain sorghum 5 Smut in soft wheat 4 Rice Smut 3 Head Smut of Rescue Grass 3 Wheat Smut 3

Found in these crops

Maize 792 Maize 303 Bread wheat 220 Barley 167 Sweet corn 46 Oat 33 Kentucky bluegrass 24 Durum wheat 23 Proso millet 20 Triticale 18 Sorghum 7 Einkorn wheat 6

Varieties that feature this in their description

Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.

Scarlett.

Active

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

ULRICH and JOSEF BREUN

AT BE BG CZ DE ES +8
37 records

SOL'DO

Active

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

Nordsaat Saatzuchtgesellschaft m.b.H. (DE)

DE EE FR HU IE LT +3
19 records

P 9074

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Pioneer Overseas Corporation, USA

AT BG DE RO SI SK +1
19 records

P 9578

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Pioneer Overseas Cor, USA

AT BG HU RO SI SK +1
15 records

PR 39 D 81

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Pioneer Overseas (US)

AT BG HU RO SI SK +1
17 records

P 9903

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Pioneer Overseas Cor, USA

BG DE IT RO SI UA
18 records

KWS 6471

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

LEIPERT RAINER

BG HU RO SI SK UA
11 records

LG 30179

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Philippe Flammant

AT DK LT UA
10 records

PR 39 F 58

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Susanne Groh

AT BE DE SI UA
12 records

P 9486

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Pioneer Overseas Cor, USA

AT HU SK UA
13 records

P 0105

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION

HU RO SI UA
14 records

P 0216

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Pioneer Overseas Corporation, USA

HU IT RO UA
16 records

NU GLADE

Active

Poa pratensis L. · Kentucky bluegrass

JACKLIN SEED by SIMPLOT (USA)

DE HR
8 records

QM 1003

Active

Oryza sativa L. · Rice

MARTINS, LUIS FERNANDO RAJ, YOG SOLIS, RENANDO ROCHA, MILTON BORIN, REGIS

ES
9 records

Lg 33 95

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Limagrain Verneuil Holding (FR)

AT BG HU RO SK UA
12 records

Lg 33 50

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Limagrain Verneuil Holding, F

BG HU RO SK UA
14 records

LG 30215

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Philippe Flammant

AT DE UA
11 records

PR 39 T 13

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION

AT DE SI SK UA
10 records

P 7655

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION

DE DK IT UA
9 records

P 8000

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION

BG DE SI UA
9 records

PR 39 T 83

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION

AT DE SI UA
7 records

MAS 34 B

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

MAS SEEDS

HU IT SK UA
8 records

DKC 3730

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

PETER KONCZOL

AT HU UA
10 records

DKC 3623

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Monsanto Technology, USA

AT IT SK UA
10 records

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