Diseases
Ustilaginomycetes
Smut is a group of cereal diseases caused by fungi, in which plant tissues are destroyed and replaced by a mass of black or dark brown spores. The disease is difficult to diagnose until the heading stage, yet it can lead to the loss of half the crop yield.
Mentioned in descriptions 5 110 varieties reference book.
Smut manifests as the destruction of plant tissues, which are replaced by a powdery mass of teliospores. In the case of loose smut, the entire ear is affected, becoming dusty, while its rachis often remains bare. Covered smut is characterized by the preservation of the grain coat, inside which the mycelium develops; when crushed, a specific "herring" odor is detected.
The development of the disease depends on the biological characteristics of the pathogen and environmental conditions. Loose smut infects the plant during the flowering phase under high humidity and temperatures from +22 to +27 °C, overwintering inside the grain. Covered smut infects the plant during the seed germination period from inoculum present on the surface of the caryopsis or in the soil.
Varietal resistance is provided by genetic mechanisms that prevent the pathogen from penetrating the ovary or block the development of mycelium in the seedling. In the variety testing system, the degree of infection is assessed visually at the full maturity stage, and varieties demonstrating a minimal percentage of infected ears compared to the standards receive higher ratings.
Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Streng Wintergersten GbR
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Zoltán Bedő^^^László Láng^^^Ottó Veisz^^^Gyula Vida^^^László Szunics^^^Ildikó Karsai^^^Mariann Rákszegi^^^Klára Mészáros^^^Szücs Péter^^^Szunics Lászlóné
Zea mays L. · Maize
KWS SAAT SE & CO.KGAA
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
FORSCHUNGSANSTALT FÜR AGRARÖKOLOGIE UND LANDBAU^^^Station Fédérale de Recherches Agronomiques de Changins (RAC)
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Shevchenko IEvhen Petrovych, Tarasiuk Vasyl` Prokopovych, Kirdohlo IEvhen Kostiantynovych, Perekhrest Valentyna Arkhypivna, Netsvietaiev Volodymyr Pavlovych, Linchevskyi Anatolii Adamovych,
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
SAATENVERTRIEB| Saatenvertrieb Nord Erhardt Eger OHG.
Avena sativa L. · Oat
Saale Saaten GMBH
Poa pratensis L. · Kentucky bluegrass
PENDING
Poa pratensis L. · Kentucky bluegrass
Loft's Seed Inc. (US)
Zea mays L. · Maize
PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION
Zea mays L. · Maize
Thomas Mueller, Martina Klein, Susanne Groh,
Zea mays L. · Maize
PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL
Zea mays L. · Maize
PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION
Zea mays L. · Maize
KWS SAAT SE & CO.KGAA
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
NORDSAAT SAATZUCHT
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
LINChEVSKIJ ANATOLIJ ADAMOVICh / KIRDOGLO EVGENIJ KONSTANTINOVICh / TARASYuK VASILIJ PROKOF'EVICh / PEREHREST VALENTINA ARHIPOVNA / BABASh ANDREJ BORISOVICh / SMYK ANATOLIJ VIKTOROVICh
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
PLANT BREEDING INTERNATIONAL CAMBRIDGE
Triticum durum Desf. · Durum wheat
GYULA ZALABAI / TIBOR CSEMY
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
SECOBRA RECHERCHES S.A.S
Bromus sitchensis Trin. · Alaska brome
AgResearch (NZ)
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
SECOBRA RECHERCHES S.A.S
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Limagrain UK
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
FARMPURE GLOBAL
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Michael Winzeler