Diseases
Ustilaginomycetes
Smut is a group of cereal diseases caused by fungi, in which plant tissues are destroyed and replaced by a mass of black or dark brown spores. The disease is difficult to diagnose until the heading stage, yet it can lead to the loss of half the crop yield.
Mentioned in descriptions 5 110 varieties reference book.
Smut manifests as the destruction of plant tissues, which are replaced by a powdery mass of teliospores. In the case of loose smut, the entire ear is affected, becoming dusty, while its rachis often remains bare. Covered smut is characterized by the preservation of the grain coat, inside which the mycelium develops; when crushed, a specific "herring" odor is detected.
The development of the disease depends on the biological characteristics of the pathogen and environmental conditions. Loose smut infects the plant during the flowering phase under high humidity and temperatures from +22 to +27 °C, overwintering inside the grain. Covered smut infects the plant during the seed germination period from inoculum present on the surface of the caryopsis or in the soil.
Varietal resistance is provided by genetic mechanisms that prevent the pathogen from penetrating the ovary or block the development of mycelium in the seedling. In the variety testing system, the degree of infection is assessed visually at the full maturity stage, and varieties demonstrating a minimal percentage of infected ears compared to the standards receive higher ratings.
Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.
Zea mays L. · Maize
Pinter Zoltan / Gyulavari Oszkar / Szel Sandor / Kalman Laszlo / Devenyi Karolyne
Triticum aestivum L. subsp. spelta (L.) Thell. · Spelt
Station d'Amelioration des Plantes
Zea mays L. · Maize
Pioneer Overseas Corporation, Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc.
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Wiersum Plantbreeding B.V.
Zea mays L. · Maize
Posch Genry
Zea mays L. · Maize
PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION
Zea mays L. · Maize
PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL
Zea mays L. · Maize
PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL
Zea mays L. · Maize
PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION
Zea mays L. · Maize
Pioneer Overseas Corporation, Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc.
Zea mays L. · Maize
JOTSKOVICh BORHE
Zea mays L. · Maize
Philippe Flammant
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Sejet Planteforaedling I,S
Zea mays L. · Maize
Monsanto Technology, USA
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
SAATZUCHT JOSEF BREUN GmbH&Co.KG
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Kertesz Zoltan / Matuz Janos / Szabo Jozsefne / Barabas Zoltan / Beke Bela / Cseuz Laszlo / Falusi Janos / Kertesz Zoltanne / Petroczi Istvan / Schulcz Jozsefne / Purnhauser Laszlo / Csoesz Laszlone
Zea mays L. · Maize
Ragt 2n, F
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Gesellschaft für goetheanistische Forschung e.V.
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Cultivari Getreidezüchtungsforschung Darzau gGmbH
Poa pratensis L. · Kentucky bluegrass
Van Engelen Zaden BV (NL)
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
SAATZUCHT DONAU GES.M.B.H. & COKG
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
WIERSUM PLANTBREEDING B.V.
Zea mays L. · Maize
Pioneer Overseas Corporation, Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc.
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
W. von Borries-Eckendorf GmbH & Co.KG