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Diseases

Smut

Ustilaginomycetes

Smut is a group of cereal diseases caused by fungi, in which plant tissues are destroyed and replaced by a mass of black or dark brown spores. The disease is difficult to diagnose until the heading stage, yet it can lead to the loss of half the crop yield.

Mentioned in descriptions 5 110 varieties reference book.

Smut manifests as the destruction of plant tissues, which are replaced by a powdery mass of teliospores. In the case of loose smut, the entire ear is affected, becoming dusty, while its rachis often remains bare. Covered smut is characterized by the preservation of the grain coat, inside which the mycelium develops; when crushed, a specific "herring" odor is detected.

The development of the disease depends on the biological characteristics of the pathogen and environmental conditions. Loose smut infects the plant during the flowering phase under high humidity and temperatures from +22 to +27 °C, overwintering inside the grain. Covered smut infects the plant during the seed germination period from inoculum present on the surface of the caryopsis or in the soil.

Varietal resistance is provided by genetic mechanisms that prevent the pathogen from penetrating the ovary or block the development of mycelium in the seedling. In the variety testing system, the degree of infection is assessed visually at the full maturity stage, and varieties demonstrating a minimal percentage of infected ears compared to the standards receive higher ratings.

Sources10

Breakdown by crop

Common Smut of Maize 777 Maize Smut 300 Smut — Common Wheat 218 Barley Smut 162 Smut in Sweet Corn 44 Smut of oats 31 Smut of Kentucky bluegrass 24 Bunt of Durum Wheat 22 Loose smut of millet 18 Triticale Loose and Bunt Smut 16 Sorghum Smut 6 Loose smut of Triticum monococcum L. 6 Spelt smut 5 Smut — naked oats 5 Smut of grain sorghum 5 Smut in soft wheat 4 Rice Smut 3 Head Smut of Rescue Grass 3 Wheat Smut 3

Found in these crops

Maize 792 Maize 303 Bread wheat 220 Barley 167 Sweet corn 46 Oat 33 Kentucky bluegrass 24 Durum wheat 23 Proso millet 20 Triticale 18 Sorghum 7 Einkorn wheat 6

Varieties that feature this in their description

Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.

PH6JM

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL

4 records

CDC Rattan

Active

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

University of Saskatchewan

5 records

Bareno

Active

Bromus catharticus Vahl var. elatus (E. Desv.) Planchuelo · grazing brome

New Zealand Agriseeds

5 records

LID2210C

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

LIDEA FRANCE SAS

LT SK UA
7 records

LID2214C

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

LIDEA FRANCE SAS

IT SK UA
7 records

ES Crossman

Protection expired

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize

LIDEA FRANCE SAS

BE FR NL
4 records

MAS 25A

Application submitted

Zea mays L. · Maize

MAS SEEDS

DE IT SK
4 records

LID4409C

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Lidea France SAS, Lescar FR

BG HU SK UA
5 records

LID3306C

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Laurent BETTINGER

IT SK UA
5 records

KWS Jaipur

Active

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize

KWS SAAT SE & CO.KGAA

CZ FR PL
4 records

MAS 24V

Terminated

Zea mays L. · Maize

Maisadour Semences, FR

SI SK UA
4 records

Fashion

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Zhoel` Meun`er

SK UA
4 records

Schobbi CS

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Philippe Moreau

DE UA
7 records

ES Palladium

Active

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize

LIDEA FRANCE SAS

BE FR PL
4 records

KWS Nestor

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Rainer Leipert

UA
6 records

SY Helenor

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Syngenta Crop Protection AG

IT SK UA
6 records

MAS 357M

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

MAS SEEDS

IT RO UA
5 records

DKC3811

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Jon Popi

HU RO UA
7 records

LG31330

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Roland Debeuf

HU SK UA
6 records

DKC3710

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

MONSANTO TECHNOLOGY

AT IT UA
6 records

MAS 11K

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

MAS SEEDS

LT
5 records

Thasos

Protection expired

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

SPANAKAKIS ANDREAS

SE UA
8 records

KWS Milekano

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Rainer Leipert

RO UA
7 records

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