Diseases
Ustilaginomycetes
Smut is a group of cereal diseases caused by fungi, in which plant tissues are destroyed and replaced by a mass of black or dark brown spores. The disease is difficult to diagnose until the heading stage, yet it can lead to the loss of half the crop yield.
Mentioned in descriptions 5 110 varieties reference book.
Smut manifests as the destruction of plant tissues, which are replaced by a powdery mass of teliospores. In the case of loose smut, the entire ear is affected, becoming dusty, while its rachis often remains bare. Covered smut is characterized by the preservation of the grain coat, inside which the mycelium develops; when crushed, a specific "herring" odor is detected.
The development of the disease depends on the biological characteristics of the pathogen and environmental conditions. Loose smut infects the plant during the flowering phase under high humidity and temperatures from +22 to +27 °C, overwintering inside the grain. Covered smut infects the plant during the seed germination period from inoculum present on the surface of the caryopsis or in the soil.
Varietal resistance is provided by genetic mechanisms that prevent the pathogen from penetrating the ovary or block the development of mycelium in the seedling. In the variety testing system, the degree of infection is assessed visually at the full maturity stage, and varieties demonstrating a minimal percentage of infected ears compared to the standards receive higher ratings.
Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
AGRI OBTENTIONS / INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE (I.N.R.A.)
Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum · Bread wheat
MESKEN| Ir. Mannes Mesken
Zea mays L. · Maize
Daniel Shkoro
Panicum miliaceum L. · Proso millet
Biriukova Ol`ha Volodymyrivna, Horlachova Olha Vikentiivna, Ponomarenko Nadiia Serhiivna, Horbachova Svitlana Mykolaivna,
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Saatzucht Josef Breun GdbR (DE)
Zea mays L. · Maize
PIONEER HI-BRED INT
Avena nuda L. · Naked oat
Baltarusijos žemdirbystės ir pašarų institutas
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Bc Institut d.d. Zagreb (HR)
Triticum monococcum L. · Einkorn wheat
Vörös Géza, Héreg
Avena sativa L. · Oat
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE, FR
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Babenko Serhii Mykolaiovych, Teteruk Oleksii Volodymyrovych, Hal`chenko Nataliia Mykolaivna, Lazer Petro Nartsysovych, Nyzheholenko Viktor Mykhailovych, Naidonov Viktor Hryhorovych, Naid`onova Vira Opanasivna, Bazalii Valerii Vasyl`ovych,
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
Dr Franck (DE)
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
WUSTRACK| Dr. Hans-Joachim Wustrack
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Moskalets` Tetiana Zakharivna, Moskalets` Valentyn Vitaliiovych, Moskalets` Vitalii Ivanovych, Pysarenko Pavlo Viktorovych, Tyschenko Volodymyr Mykolaiovych,
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
Coop de Pau SCA (FR)
Avena sativa L. · Oat
Konyk Hryhorii Stanislavovych, Marukhniak Halyna Ivanivna, Lisova IUliia Andriivna, Dats`ko Andrii Osypovych, Marukhniak Andrii IAroslavovych,
Zea mays L. · Maize
Tovarystvo z obmezhenoiu vidpovidalnistiu «Rost Ahro»,Derzhavna ustanova Instytut zernovykh kultur Natsionalnoi akademii ahrarnykh nauk Ukrainy,
Helianthus annuus L. · Sunflower
Burlov Viktor Vasylovych
Panicum miliaceum L. · Proso millet
Yehorov Dmytro Kostiantynovych, Horlachova Olha Vikentiivna, Ponomarenko Nadiia Serhiivna, Horbachova Svitlana Mykolaivna,
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc (US)
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
Coop de Pau SCA (FR)
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
Dekalb Genetics Corporation (usa) (US)
Triticum monococcum L. · Einkorn wheat
Gesellschaft für goetheanistische Forschung e.V.
Zea mays L. · Maize
Limagrain Europe S.A.S