Diseases

Smut

Ustilaginomycetes

Smut is a group of cereal diseases caused by fungi, in which plant tissues are destroyed and replaced by a mass of black or dark brown spores. The disease is difficult to diagnose until the heading stage, yet it can lead to the loss of half the crop yield.

Mentioned in descriptions 5 110 varieties reference book.

Smut manifests as the destruction of plant tissues, which are replaced by a powdery mass of teliospores. In the case of loose smut, the entire ear is affected, becoming dusty, while its rachis often remains bare. Covered smut is characterized by the preservation of the grain coat, inside which the mycelium develops; when crushed, a specific "herring" odor is detected.

The development of the disease depends on the biological characteristics of the pathogen and environmental conditions. Loose smut infects the plant during the flowering phase under high humidity and temperatures from +22 to +27 °C, overwintering inside the grain. Covered smut infects the plant during the seed germination period from inoculum present on the surface of the caryopsis or in the soil.

Varietal resistance is provided by genetic mechanisms that prevent the pathogen from penetrating the ovary or block the development of mycelium in the seedling. In the variety testing system, the degree of infection is assessed visually at the full maturity stage, and varieties demonstrating a minimal percentage of infected ears compared to the standards receive higher ratings.

Sources10

Breakdown by crop

Common Smut of Maize 777 Maize Smut 300 Smut — Common Wheat 218 Barley Smut 162 Smut in Sweet Corn 44 Smut of oats 31 Smut of Kentucky bluegrass 24 Bunt of Durum Wheat 22 Loose smut of millet 18 Triticale Loose and Bunt Smut 16 Sorghum Smut 6 Loose smut of Triticum monococcum L. 6 Spelt smut 5 Smut — naked oats 5 Smut of grain sorghum 5 Smut in soft wheat 4 Rice Smut 3 Head Smut of Rescue Grass 3 Wheat Smut 3

Found in these crops

Maize 792 Maize 303 Bread wheat 220 Barley 167 Sweet corn 46 Oat 33 Kentucky bluegrass 24 Durum wheat 23 Proso millet 20 Triticale 18 Sorghum 7 Einkorn wheat 6

Varieties that feature this in their description

Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.

LZM36388

Withdrawn

Zea mays L. · Maize

Philippe Flammant

2 records

LZM 273/84

Withdrawn

Zea mays L. · Maize

LIMAGRAIN EUROPE S.A.

1 record

KXC0381

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

KWS SAAT SE & CO.KGAA

1 record

LDP 25

Terminated

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize

Maisadour Societe Cooperative Agricole (FR)

1 record

Kws Caballero

Application submitted

Zea mays L. · Maize

KWS SAAT SE & CO.KGAA

1 record

Krasa laniv

Terminated

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

Leonov Oleh IUriiovych, Riabchun Viktor Kuz`mych, Riabchun Nataliia Ivanivna, Iodkovs`kyi Vladislav Zdislavovych, Yel`nikov Mykola Ivanovych, Zviahin Andrii Fedorovych,

2 records

Kuial`nyk

Terminated

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

Rodenko Halyna Anatoliivna, Babaiants Lazar Tihranovych, Poperelia Fedir Oleksandrovych, Fedchenko Volodymyr Pavlovych, Yeryniak Mykola Ivanovych, Lyfenko Savelii Pylypovych,

2 records

Kozats`ke

Active

Panicum miliaceum L. · Proso millet

Konstantynov Stanislav Ivanovych, Horlachova Olha Vikentiivna, Yehorov Dmytro Kostiantynovych, Ponomarenko Nadiia Serhiivna, Horbachova Svitlana Mykolaivna,

2 records

Krasnodars`kyi 291 AMV

Terminated

Zea mays L. · Maize

Varlamova Iryna Mykolaivna, Zhukov Mykhailo Pylypovych, Prylypskyi Mykola Ivanovych, Normov Oleksandr Oleksandrovych, Chebotar`ov Maksym Mykolaiovych, Ohnianyk Liudmyla Hryhorivna, Suprunov Anatolii Ivanovych, Lavrenchuk Mykola Fedorovych, Shats`ka Ol`ha

1 record

Krasnodars`kyi 194 MV

Terminated

Zea mays L. · Maize

Potapov Oleksandr Petrovych, Hrydn`ov Eduard Petrovych, Zhukov Mykhailo Pylypovych, Ohnianyk Liudmyla Hryhorivna, Mashnenkov Oleksandr Semenovych, Prylyps`kyi Mykola Ivanovych, Luk"ianenko Nataliia Hryhorivna, Normov Oleksandr Ivanovych, Suprunov Anatolii

1 record

Kneja 577

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Mima Ilchovska, Valya Bachiyska

2 records

Kornett

Withdrawn

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

Hagberg, Arne

1 record

Kneja 652

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

V. Valkova, N. Petrovska

2 records

Khorol SV

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Savchuk Liudmyla Fedorivna, Matseiko Ivan Ivanovych, Hopchak Tetiana Mykolaivna, Sen Oleksandr Vitaliiovych, Bodenko Natalia Anatoliivna, Sytnychenko Vira Petrivna, Perevertun Larysa Ivanivna, Hodz` Mykola Vasyl`ovych, Zaika Stanislav Polikarpovych,

2 records

Ismene

Withdrawn

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

NORD| NORDSAAT Agrargesellschaft mit beschraenkter Haftung

1 record

Hratsiia

Active

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

Dvorets`kyi Volodymyr Frantsevych, Vozhehova Raisa Anatolivna, Usyk Liudmyla Oleksandrivna, Orliuk Anatolii Pavlovych,

6 records

Horizont

Protection expired

Avena sativa L. · Oat

Lgovsko selekcijos stotis

1 record

Hospodynia myronivs`ka

Terminated

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

Mukha Tetiana Ivanivna, Siroshtan Andrii Anatoliiovych, Zamlila Nina Petrivna, Volohdina Halyna Borysivna, Humeniuk Oleksandr Volodymyrovych, Kochmarskyi Valentyn Serhiiovych,

2 records

Holosiivs`kyi 260 SV

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Kobuta Oleksii Volodymyrovych, Kovalenko Tetiana Mykolaivna, Kostiuchenko Mariia Volodymyrivna,

1 record

Hoduval`nytsia odes`ka

Terminated

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

Babaiants Lazar Tihranovych, Parfient`iev Mykhailo Hryhorovych, Ziatiuk Mariia IAkivna, Kostiuk Stanislav Vasyl`ovych, Ptashenchuk Oleksandr Mykytovych, Musich Volodymyr Mykolaiovych, Lytvynenko Mykola Antonovych,

2 records

Hetman Sahaidachnyi

Terminated

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

SHEREMET OLEKSANDR, LEHKUN IHOR, LINCHEVSKYI ANATOLII

1 record

Holikovs`ka

Terminated

Triticum turgidum L. subsp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Thell. · Emmer

Babushkina Tetiana Viktorivna, Didenko Svitlana IUriivna, Bohuslavs`kyi Roma L`vovych, Holik Oleh Viktorovych,

2 records

GW3021

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Golden West Research Ltd (BG)

1 record

FRUCTIS G4302

Terminated

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize

FUNK SEED

1 record

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Text source

This summary is compiled from the publications listed in the sources and verified by an editor. It contains no legally significant information; it provides agronomic context for registry data rather than the registry data itself.