Diseases
Ustilaginomycetes
Smut is a group of cereal diseases caused by fungi, in which plant tissues are destroyed and replaced by a mass of black or dark brown spores. The disease is difficult to diagnose until the heading stage, yet it can lead to the loss of half the crop yield.
Mentioned in descriptions 5 110 varieties reference book.
Smut manifests as the destruction of plant tissues, which are replaced by a powdery mass of teliospores. In the case of loose smut, the entire ear is affected, becoming dusty, while its rachis often remains bare. Covered smut is characterized by the preservation of the grain coat, inside which the mycelium develops; when crushed, a specific "herring" odor is detected.
The development of the disease depends on the biological characteristics of the pathogen and environmental conditions. Loose smut infects the plant during the flowering phase under high humidity and temperatures from +22 to +27 °C, overwintering inside the grain. Covered smut infects the plant during the seed germination period from inoculum present on the surface of the caryopsis or in the soil.
Varietal resistance is provided by genetic mechanisms that prevent the pathogen from penetrating the ovary or block the development of mycelium in the seedling. In the variety testing system, the degree of infection is assessed visually at the full maturity stage, and varieties demonstrating a minimal percentage of infected ears compared to the standards receive higher ratings.
Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Sweet Corn Group) · Sweet corn
Muzhylko Dmytro Valentynovych, Dymchenko Tetiana Mykolaivna, Muzhylko Viktor Valentynovych,
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
NICKERSON GEIE
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
ERIK TYBIRK
Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum · Bread wheat
RAGT2n Herrn Hilmar Cöster
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Lietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro filialas Žemdirbystės institutas
Triticum monococcum L. · Einkorn wheat
Dr. Karl-Josef Müller
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
Coop de Pau SCA (FR)
Phleum pratense L. · Timothy grass
Hodowla Roslin Szelejewo sp.z.o.o.
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Sweet Corn Group) · Sweet corn
Tovarystvo z obmezhenoiu vidpovidalnistiu "SPARK SIDZ"
Zea mays L. · Maize
Syngenta Crop Protection AG
Zea mays L. · Maize
Sitailo Valentyn Anatoliiovych, Prysiazhniuk Ihor Vasyl`ovych, Ivanenko Serhii Mykhailovych,
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Sweet Corn Group) · Sweet corn
ROYAL SLUIS
Triticum monococcum L. · Einkorn wheat
Dr. Gyulai Ferenc Lajos, Szarvasgede
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. bicolor · Sorghum
Trotsenko Anatolii Hryhorovych
Zea mays L. · Maize
Syngenta Crop Protection AG
Zea mays L. · Maize
Syngenta Crop Protection AG
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
Syngenta Participations AG
x Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus · Triticale
Shcechenko Olha IEvheniivna, Melnyk Vira Serhiivna, Kapustina Tetiana Borysivna, Chernobai Serhii Volodymyrovych, Riabchun Viktor Kuzmych,
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Fedorenko Vira Oleksandrivna, Naumov Oleksii Hermanovych, Vasko Nataliia Ivanivna, Kozachenko Mykhailo Romanovych,
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Fajersson, Fajer
Avena sativa L. · Oat
Tarasenko Oleksandr Anatoliiovych, Sten`ko Volodymyr Illich, Solodushko Vira Pylypivna, Liaschenko Oleksandr Ivanovych,
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Holik Oleh Viktorovych, Holik Viktor Stepanovych, Murashko Liudmyla Anatoliivna, Fedchenko Hanna Vasylivna, Solona Valentyna Iosypivna, Vlasenko Volodymyr Anatoliiovych,
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Savranchuk Volodymyr Viktorovych, Mel`nychenko Mykhailo Leontiiovych,
Panicum miliaceum L. · Proso millet
Horbachova Svitlana Mykolaivna, Horlachova Olha Vikentiivna, Yehorov Dmytro Kostiantynovych, Ponomarenko Nadiia Serhiivna, Sheliakina Tetiana Anatoliivna