Diseases
Ustilaginomycetes
Smut is a group of cereal diseases caused by fungi, in which plant tissues are destroyed and replaced by a mass of black or dark brown spores. The disease is difficult to diagnose until the heading stage, yet it can lead to the loss of half the crop yield.
Mentioned in descriptions 5 110 varieties reference book.
Smut manifests as the destruction of plant tissues, which are replaced by a powdery mass of teliospores. In the case of loose smut, the entire ear is affected, becoming dusty, while its rachis often remains bare. Covered smut is characterized by the preservation of the grain coat, inside which the mycelium develops; when crushed, a specific "herring" odor is detected.
The development of the disease depends on the biological characteristics of the pathogen and environmental conditions. Loose smut infects the plant during the flowering phase under high humidity and temperatures from +22 to +27 °C, overwintering inside the grain. Covered smut infects the plant during the seed germination period from inoculum present on the surface of the caryopsis or in the soil.
Varietal resistance is provided by genetic mechanisms that prevent the pathogen from penetrating the ovary or block the development of mycelium in the seedling. In the variety testing system, the degree of infection is assessed visually at the full maturity stage, and varieties demonstrating a minimal percentage of infected ears compared to the standards receive higher ratings.
Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Vavenko Liudmyla Hryhorivna, Panov Oleksandr Ihorovych, Vlasenko Svitlana Volodymyrivna, Ivanov IUrii Mykolaiovych,
Sorghum x drummondii (Steud.) Millsp. & Chase · Sudangrass
Milosevic Branko, Karagic Dura, Mihailovic Vojislav,
Avena sativa L. · Oat
Wouda, T.E.
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
HAO-DEMETER - Cereal Institute
Panicum miliaceum L. · Proso millet
Filatova Nataliia Fedorivna, Moshenko Mykola Mykolaiovych, Herasymenko Oleksandr Vasyl`ovych, Moroz Oleh Vasyl`ovych, Shudria Petro Petrovych,
Zea mays L. · Maize
Syngenta Crop Protection AG
Triticum L. · Wheat
MOLINELLI PAOLO
Zea mays L. · Maize
Syngenta participation AG
Zea mays L. · Maize
Medvid` Serhii Petrovych, Artiukh Anatolii Vasyl`ovych, Chernobai Larysa Mykolaivna, Ivlieva Tetiana Volodymyrivna, Barsukov Ihor Petrovych, Kamyshan Taisiia Petrivna, Chupikov Mykola Mykhailovych, Kozubenko Leonid Vasyl`ovych,
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Sweet Corn Group) · Sweet corn
Tom Natti
Zea mays L. · Maize
Kalinichenko Artem Oleksandrovych
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Sweet Corn Group) · Sweet corn
Pop Vriend Seeds B.V.
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. bicolor · Sorghum
TEXAS AGR. EXP. STATION (US)
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
ABED FONDEN
Zea mays L. · Maize
RAGT 2N S.A.S
Zea mays L. · Maize
RAGT 2N S.A.S
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION US
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench · Sorghum
Prymak Iryna IUriivna, Karanda Tetiana Mykolaivna, Farafonov Viktor Anatoliiovych, Barbaruk Valentyna Tadeushivna, Piter Bohdan Chykaliuk, Larri Richardson,
x Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus · Triticale
Wos Henryk (Vos` Khenryk), Shcypak Vasyl Hennadiiovych, Bilokurets` Nataliia Petrivna, Nychyporuk Olena Oleksandrivna, Borivs`kyi Anatolii Frantsovych, Matviiets Volodymyr Hryhorovych, Shcypak Hennadii Vasylovych,
Zea mays L. subsp. Mays · Corn
JOSEF TOMASICH
Panicum miliaceum L. · Proso millet
Levchenko Liliia Petrivna, Herasymenko Oleksandr Vasyl`ovych, Moroz Oleh Vasyl`ovych, Shudria Petro Petrovych,
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Vilmorin SA (FR)
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench · Sorghum
Chykaliuk Peter Bohdan
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Florimond Desprez Veuve et Fils, FR