Diseases
Ustilaginomycetes
Smut is a group of cereal diseases caused by fungi, in which plant tissues are destroyed and replaced by a mass of black or dark brown spores. The disease is difficult to diagnose until the heading stage, yet it can lead to the loss of half the crop yield.
Mentioned in descriptions 5 110 varieties reference book.
Smut manifests as the destruction of plant tissues, which are replaced by a powdery mass of teliospores. In the case of loose smut, the entire ear is affected, becoming dusty, while its rachis often remains bare. Covered smut is characterized by the preservation of the grain coat, inside which the mycelium develops; when crushed, a specific "herring" odor is detected.
The development of the disease depends on the biological characteristics of the pathogen and environmental conditions. Loose smut infects the plant during the flowering phase under high humidity and temperatures from +22 to +27 °C, overwintering inside the grain. Covered smut infects the plant during the seed germination period from inoculum present on the surface of the caryopsis or in the soil.
Varietal resistance is provided by genetic mechanisms that prevent the pathogen from penetrating the ovary or block the development of mycelium in the seedling. In the variety testing system, the degree of infection is assessed visually at the full maturity stage, and varieties demonstrating a minimal percentage of infected ears compared to the standards receive higher ratings.
Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. bicolor · Sorghum
DEBRECEN INSTITUTE
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Hybritech Europe SNC (FR)
Zea mays L. · Maize
FREIHERR VON MOREAU SAATZUCHT
Avena sativa L. · Oat
INRA
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
KWS SAAT SE&CO.KGaA, DE
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
DOW AgroSciences
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
FREIHERR VON MOREAU SAATZUCHT
Zea mays L. · Maize
Rysin Leonid Mykhailovych
x Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus · Triticale
ChEBAKOV NIKOLAJ PETROVICh / ChERNOV OLEG VASIL'EVICh / LEBEDEVA GALINA DANILOVNA
Zea mays L. · Maize
Stepanov IEvhenii Olehovych, Parii IUliia Oleksandrivna, Parii Myroslav Fedorovych, Parii IAroslav Fedorovych, Parii Fedir Mykytovych,
Zea mays L. · Maize
LINDSEY M. F.
Zea mays L. · Maize
Mile Ivanovich
Poa pratensis L. · Kentucky bluegrass
O.M. SCOTT & SONS CO.
Avena sativa L. · Oat
Gesellschaft für goetheanistische Forschung e.V.
Zea mays L. · Maize
PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL
Zea mays L. · Maize
PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION
Zea mays L. · Maize
PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION
Zea mays L. · Maize
PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL
Zea mays L. · Maize
Limagrain Europe S.A.S
Zea mays L. · Maize
Ekhard Holzhausen
Zea mays L. · Maize
Laurent BETTINGER
Zea mays L. · Maize
Hodowla Roslin Smolice Sp.z o.o Grupa IHAR
Zea mays L. · Maize
ORSEM HYBRIDES
Zea mays L. · Maize
MONSANTO TECHNOLOGY