Diseases

Smut

Ustilaginomycetes

Smut is a group of cereal diseases caused by fungi, in which plant tissues are destroyed and replaced by a mass of black or dark brown spores. The disease is difficult to diagnose until the heading stage, yet it can lead to the loss of half the crop yield.

Mentioned in descriptions 5 110 varieties reference book.

Smut manifests as the destruction of plant tissues, which are replaced by a powdery mass of teliospores. In the case of loose smut, the entire ear is affected, becoming dusty, while its rachis often remains bare. Covered smut is characterized by the preservation of the grain coat, inside which the mycelium develops; when crushed, a specific "herring" odor is detected.

The development of the disease depends on the biological characteristics of the pathogen and environmental conditions. Loose smut infects the plant during the flowering phase under high humidity and temperatures from +22 to +27 °C, overwintering inside the grain. Covered smut infects the plant during the seed germination period from inoculum present on the surface of the caryopsis or in the soil.

Varietal resistance is provided by genetic mechanisms that prevent the pathogen from penetrating the ovary or block the development of mycelium in the seedling. In the variety testing system, the degree of infection is assessed visually at the full maturity stage, and varieties demonstrating a minimal percentage of infected ears compared to the standards receive higher ratings.

Sources10

Breakdown by crop

Common Smut of Maize 777 Maize Smut 300 Smut — Common Wheat 218 Barley Smut 162 Smut in Sweet Corn 44 Smut of oats 31 Smut of Kentucky bluegrass 24 Bunt of Durum Wheat 22 Loose smut of millet 18 Triticale Loose and Bunt Smut 16 Sorghum Smut 6 Loose smut of Triticum monococcum L. 6 Spelt smut 5 Smut — naked oats 5 Smut of grain sorghum 5 Smut in soft wheat 4 Rice Smut 3 Head Smut of Rescue Grass 3 Wheat Smut 3

Found in these crops

Maize 792 Maize 303 Bread wheat 220 Barley 167 Sweet corn 46 Oat 33 Kentucky bluegrass 24 Durum wheat 23 Proso millet 20 Triticale 18 Sorghum 7 Einkorn wheat 6

Varieties that feature this in their description

Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.

ESZ5605

Withdrawn

Zea mays L. · Maize

Euralis Semences

1 record

ES3151

Withdrawn

Zea mays L. · Maize

MONSANTO TECHNOLOGY

1 record

Dorlen

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Zakorchmennyi, Viktor

2 records

Dobrinya F1

Active

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Sweet Corn Group) · Sweet corn

Sergio Nietto

2 records

Ekodar 280

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Brahin Oleksandr Mykolaiovych, Melnyk Ivan Ivanovych,

2 records

Diietychnyi

Terminated

Avena nuda L. · Naked oat

Skoryk Viktor Varfolomiiovych, Yehorova Tetiana Volodymyrivna, Vorozhko Svitlana Pavlivna, Parii Myroslav Fedorovych, Parii IUliia Oleksandrivna, Parii IAroslav Fedorovych, Kulyk IUliia Fedorivna, Riabovol Liudmyla Olehivna, Necheporenko Liudmyla Pavlivna

2 records

EG3111

Withdrawn

Zea mays L. · Maize

MONSANTO TECHNOLOGY

1 record

DM Sunrise

Withdrawn

Zea mays L. · Maize

SPFE Company MAIS

1 record

Dzhamala

Terminated

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Sweet Corn Group) · Sweet corn

Nahorniak Mykhailo Mykolaiovych

2 records

DN Arho

Terminated

Zea mays L. · Maize

Plotka Vitalii Vitaliiovych, Haidash Oleksandr Leonidovych, Riabchenko Eduard Mykolaiovych, Yukhymovych Olena Romanivna, Korobko IUliia Anatoliivna, Bodenko Natalia Anatoliivna, Ilchenko Larysa Anatoliivna, Fedko Mykola Mykolaiovych, Cherchel Vladyslav IU

2 records

DMS Iuniti

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Borysov Viktor Mykolaiovych

2 records

DMS Grant

Withdrawn

Zea mays L. · Maize

SPFE Company MAIS

1 record

DM Eskiz

Terminated

Zea mays L. · Maize

Plotka Vitalii Vitaliiovych, Borysova Viktoriia Viktorivna, Kravchenko Viktor Mykolaiovych, Borysov Viktor Mykolaiovych, Fedko Mykola Mykolaiovych, Cherchel Vladyslav IUriiovych, Dziubetskyi Borys Volodymyrovych,

2 records

DK 9074 R

Terminated

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize

Dekalb Genetics Corporation (usa) (US)

1 record

Deineris

Active

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Sweet Corn Group) · Sweet corn

Solomenko Andrii Ivanovych, Breus Oksana Serhiivna, Parii IUliia Oleksandrivna, Parii IAroslav Fedorovych, Kulish Ol`ha IUriivna, Parii Myroslav Fedorovych, Parii Fedir Mykytovych,

2 records

Diablon

Active

Triticum L. · Wheat

STAZIONE FEDERALE DI RICERCA IN AGROECOLOGIA E AGRICOLTURA (FAL)

1 record

Danubia

Terminated

Zea mays L. · Maize

INSTITUT ZA KUKURUZ ZEMUN POLJE

1 record

Dokuchaievs`kyi 15

Terminated

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

Moskal`ova Valentyna Stepanivna, Proskurin Mykola Vasyl`ovych,

1 record

CSM2652

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

CAUSSADE SEMENCES

1 record

CSM14510

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

CAUSSADE SEMENCES

1 record

DKC6236

Withdrawn

Zea mays L. · Maize

MONSANTO TECHNOLOGY

1 record

Denka

Terminated

Avena sativa L. · Oat

Kulyk IUliia Fedorivna, Vorozhko Svitlana Pavlivna, Orlov Stanislav Dmytrovych, Roik Mykola Volodymyrovych, Necheporenko Liudmyla Pavlivna,

2 records

Dash E

Terminated

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench · Sorghum

Karanda Tetiana Mykolaivna, Liashok Petro Hryhorovych, Barbaruk Valentyna Tadeushivna, Piter Bohdan Chykaliuk, Larri Richardson,

1 record

CSM18358

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

CAUSSADE SEMENCES

1 record

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Text source

This summary is compiled from the publications listed in the sources and verified by an editor. It contains no legally significant information; it provides agronomic context for registry data rather than the registry data itself.