Diseases
Ustilaginomycetes
Smut is a group of cereal diseases caused by fungi, in which plant tissues are destroyed and replaced by a mass of black or dark brown spores. The disease is difficult to diagnose until the heading stage, yet it can lead to the loss of half the crop yield.
Mentioned in descriptions 5 110 varieties reference book.
Smut manifests as the destruction of plant tissues, which are replaced by a powdery mass of teliospores. In the case of loose smut, the entire ear is affected, becoming dusty, while its rachis often remains bare. Covered smut is characterized by the preservation of the grain coat, inside which the mycelium develops; when crushed, a specific "herring" odor is detected.
The development of the disease depends on the biological characteristics of the pathogen and environmental conditions. Loose smut infects the plant during the flowering phase under high humidity and temperatures from +22 to +27 °C, overwintering inside the grain. Covered smut infects the plant during the seed germination period from inoculum present on the surface of the caryopsis or in the soil.
Varietal resistance is provided by genetic mechanisms that prevent the pathogen from penetrating the ovary or block the development of mycelium in the seedling. In the variety testing system, the degree of infection is assessed visually at the full maturity stage, and varieties demonstrating a minimal percentage of infected ears compared to the standards receive higher ratings.
Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.
Zea mays L. · Maize
Mario Lo Pinto
Zea mays L. · Maize
Karpenko Ol`ha Mykolaivna, Kravchenko Viktor Mykolaiovych, Borysov Viktor Mykolaiovych, Hontarovs`kyi V'iacheslav Opanasovych, Kostiuchenko Viktor Ivanovych,
Zea mays L. · Maize
Badzhui Konstantyn, Biha Mykolai, Kosmin Oktavian, Rosh Richey, Badzhui Liliana,
Zea mays L. · Maize
PIONEER HI-BRED INT. INC, PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION,
Zea mays L. · Maize
MAS SEEDS
Zea mays L. · Maize
PIONEER HI-BRED INT. INC, PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION,
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Montana Agricultural Experiment Station
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION
Triticum durum Desf. · Durum wheat
Nibelenchuk Svitlana Fedorivna, Nesterova Nataliia Havrylivna, Kotelenets` Olena Hryhorivna, Vasyliev Oleksii Anatoliiovych, Parfentiev Mykhailo Hryhorovych, Albul Anatolii Oleksiiovych, Lytvynenko Mykola Antonovych, Palamarchuk Anatolii Ivanovych,
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
BLYZNIUK BOHDANA, DUBOVYK NATALIIA, HUDZENKO VOLODYMYR, ZAMLILA NINA, KYRYLENKO VIRA, HUMENIUK OLEKSANDR, KOCHMARSKYI VALENTYN, DERHACHOV OLEKSANDR, DEMYDOV OLEKSANDR, PIRYCH ALINA
Zea mays L. · Maize
ENGLER JURGEN
Zea mays L. · Maize
Karpenko Ol`ha Mykolaivna, Halechko Ivan Dmytrovych, Kravchenko Viktor Mykolaiovych, Hontarovs`kyi Viacheslav Opanasovych, Borysov Viktor Mykolaiovych,
Zea mays L. · Maize
Shevchenko Serhii Oleksandrovych, Halechko Ivan Dmytrovych, Kravchenko Viktor Mykolaiovych, Kostiuchenko Viktor Ivanovych, Borysov Viktor Mykolaiovych,
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
MAL'TSEVA LIDIYa TERENT'EVNA / POLIKARPOV SERGEJ ALEKSANDROVICh / BANNIKOVA NATAL'Ya YuR'EVNA / EFIMOVA ANNA GRIGOR'EVNA / AFANAS'EVA IRINA MIHAJLOVNA / KAShINA IRINA VIKTOROVNA / FILIPPOVA ELENA ALEKSANDROVNA
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
DAVYDOVA NATAL'Ya VLADIMIROVNA / BERKUTOVA NAZIYa SULTANOVNA / ShIShKINA TAT'YaNA SERGEEVNA / ShARAHOV ANATOLIJ ALEKSEEVICh / NETTEVICh E'NGEL' DANILOVICh / ShAROShKINA ELENA EVGEN'EVNA / VITVITSKAYa IRINA GEORGIEVNA / DAVYDOVA ELENA IVANOVNA / PAVLOVA OL
Zea mays L. · Maize
Richard Shtel`pfliuh
Zea mays L. · Maize
LIMAGRAIN GENETICS GRANDES CULTURES S.A.
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Babaiants Lazar Tihranovych, Holub IEvheniia Anatoliivna, Honcharuk Nina Oleksandrivna, Lytvynenko Mykola Antonovych, Lytvynenko Raisa Ivanivna, Reshetnikova Valentyna Semenivna, Rubakha Serhii Andriiovych, Solomonov Ruslan Viacheslavovych, Parfentiev Myk
Zea mays L. · Maize
Pynter IAnosh, Sundi Tomash, Marton L. Choba, Khadi Heza,
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
Limagrain Verneuil Holding (FR)
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
Maisadour Semences, FR
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
Limagrain Verneuil Holding (FR)
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
Limagrain Europe, FR