Diseases
Ustilaginomycetes
Smut is a group of cereal diseases caused by fungi, in which plant tissues are destroyed and replaced by a mass of black or dark brown spores. The disease is difficult to diagnose until the heading stage, yet it can lead to the loss of half the crop yield.
Mentioned in descriptions 5 110 varieties reference book.
Smut manifests as the destruction of plant tissues, which are replaced by a powdery mass of teliospores. In the case of loose smut, the entire ear is affected, becoming dusty, while its rachis often remains bare. Covered smut is characterized by the preservation of the grain coat, inside which the mycelium develops; when crushed, a specific "herring" odor is detected.
The development of the disease depends on the biological characteristics of the pathogen and environmental conditions. Loose smut infects the plant during the flowering phase under high humidity and temperatures from +22 to +27 °C, overwintering inside the grain. Covered smut infects the plant during the seed germination period from inoculum present on the surface of the caryopsis or in the soil.
Varietal resistance is provided by genetic mechanisms that prevent the pathogen from penetrating the ovary or block the development of mycelium in the seedling. In the variety testing system, the degree of infection is assessed visually at the full maturity stage, and varieties demonstrating a minimal percentage of infected ears compared to the standards receive higher ratings.
Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.
Zea mays L. · Maize
PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION
Zea mays L. · Maize
Pioneer Overseas Cor, USA
Zea mays L. · Maize
Pioneer Overseas Cor, USA
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Michael Winzeler
Zea mays L. · Maize
Rainer Leipert
Zea mays L. · Maize
Saaten-Union
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
FORSCHUNGSANSTALT FÜR AGRARÖKOLOGIE UND LANDBAU^^^Station Fédérale de Recherches Agronomiques de Changins (RAC)
Zea mays L. · Maize
ZEAINVENT TRNAVA
Zea mays L. · Maize
Rainer Leiper
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Sweet Corn Group) · Sweet corn
HM Clause, USA
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
RODINA NINA ANDREEVNA / KUTS SVETLANA AFANAS'EVNA / KOKINA LARISA PAVLOVNA / KORYaKOVA ALEVTINA VASIL'EVNA / ShchENNIKOVA IRINA NIKOLAEVNA / DOMRAChEVA ZINAIDA NIKOLAEVNA / SYuTKINA VERA ALEKSANDROVNA
Triticum aestivum L. subsp. spelta (L.) Thell. · Spelt
Getreidezüchtung Peter Kunz Peter Kunz
Zea mays L. · Maize
ASGROW FRANCE
Poa pratensis L. · Kentucky bluegrass
JACKLIN SEED
Zea mays L. · Maize
Pierre GARRAUD
Zea mays L. · Maize
PETER KONCZOL
Zea mays L. · Maize
MONSANTO TECHNOLOGY
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
SYNGENTA SEEDS AG, CH
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
Euralis Semences
Zea mays L. · Maize
Rainer Leipert
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
Euralis Semences FR
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
LIMAGRAIN NEDERLAND
Zea mays L. · Maize
SEMILLAS FITÓ S.A
Zea mays L. · Maize
TAUCHER ROBERT