Diseases
Ustilaginomycetes
Smut is a group of cereal diseases caused by fungi, in which plant tissues are destroyed and replaced by a mass of black or dark brown spores. The disease is difficult to diagnose until the heading stage, yet it can lead to the loss of half the crop yield.
Mentioned in descriptions 5 110 varieties reference book.
Smut manifests as the destruction of plant tissues, which are replaced by a powdery mass of teliospores. In the case of loose smut, the entire ear is affected, becoming dusty, while its rachis often remains bare. Covered smut is characterized by the preservation of the grain coat, inside which the mycelium develops; when crushed, a specific "herring" odor is detected.
The development of the disease depends on the biological characteristics of the pathogen and environmental conditions. Loose smut infects the plant during the flowering phase under high humidity and temperatures from +22 to +27 °C, overwintering inside the grain. Covered smut infects the plant during the seed germination period from inoculum present on the surface of the caryopsis or in the soil.
Varietal resistance is provided by genetic mechanisms that prevent the pathogen from penetrating the ovary or block the development of mycelium in the seedling. In the variety testing system, the degree of infection is assessed visually at the full maturity stage, and varieties demonstrating a minimal percentage of infected ears compared to the standards receive higher ratings.
Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
D.J. VAN DER HAVE B.V.
Zea mays L. · Maize
Syngenta Crop Protection AG
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Roothaan, M.E.
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Fossati Dario
Zea mays L. · Maize
Travis Coleman Johann Fangl
Zea mays L. · Maize
Thierry Loisel
Zea mays L. · Maize
Limagrain Europe, F
Zea mays L. · Maize
Revol Benoit
Zea mays L. · Maize
Zhan Beibeder
Zea mays L. · Maize
PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION
Zea mays L. · Maize
PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION
Zea mays L. · Maize
Pioneer Overseas Corporation, Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc.
Zea mays L. · Maize
Monsanto Tehnology, USA
Zea mays L. · Maize
Olivier Vimont
Zea mays L. · Maize
Monsanto Tehnology, USA
Triticum durum Desf. · Durum wheat
Universität Hohenheim Landessaatzuchtanstalt 720
Zea mays L. · Maize
Laurent BETTINGER
Zea mays L. · Maize
Zhoel` Roukol
Zea mays L. · Maize
Monsanto Technology, USA
Zea mays L. · Maize
LIDEA FRANCE SAS
Zea mays L. · Maize
Syngenta Crop Protection,CH
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Sweet Corn Group) · Sweet corn
HM Clause, USA
Avena sativa L. · Oat
Pflanzenzucht Oberlimpurg
Zea mays L. · Maize
PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION