Diseases
Ustilaginomycetes
Smut is a group of cereal diseases caused by fungi, in which plant tissues are destroyed and replaced by a mass of black or dark brown spores. The disease is difficult to diagnose until the heading stage, yet it can lead to the loss of half the crop yield.
Mentioned in descriptions 5 110 varieties reference book.
Smut manifests as the destruction of plant tissues, which are replaced by a powdery mass of teliospores. In the case of loose smut, the entire ear is affected, becoming dusty, while its rachis often remains bare. Covered smut is characterized by the preservation of the grain coat, inside which the mycelium develops; when crushed, a specific "herring" odor is detected.
The development of the disease depends on the biological characteristics of the pathogen and environmental conditions. Loose smut infects the plant during the flowering phase under high humidity and temperatures from +22 to +27 °C, overwintering inside the grain. Covered smut infects the plant during the seed germination period from inoculum present on the surface of the caryopsis or in the soil.
Varietal resistance is provided by genetic mechanisms that prevent the pathogen from penetrating the ovary or block the development of mycelium in the seedling. In the variety testing system, the degree of infection is assessed visually at the full maturity stage, and varieties demonstrating a minimal percentage of infected ears compared to the standards receive higher ratings.
Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.
Zea mays L. · Maize
Pierre CAROLO
Zea mays L. · Maize
Philippe Moreau
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Syngenta Seeds SAS, FR
Zea mays L. · Maize
Tovarystvo z obmezhenoiu vidpovidalnistiu "Korteva Ahrisaiens Ukraina"
Zea mays L. · Maize
Rustica Prograin Genetique
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Zymohliad Oleksii Viktorovych, Solonechnyi Pavlo Mykolaiovych, Naumov Oleksii Hermanovych, Vasko Nataliia Ivanivna, Kozachenko Mykhailo Romanovych,
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
UO «GRODNENSKIJ GOSUDARSTVENNYJ AGRARNYJ UNIVERSITET»
Avena sativa L. · Oat
UShAKOV GENNADIJ INNOKENT'EVICh / KOMAROVA GALINA NIKOLAEVNA / KOLESNIKOVA GALINA KONDRAT'EVNA / LOSKUTOV IGOR' GRADISLAVOVICh
Zea mays L. · Maize
MAS SEEDS
Zea mays L. · Maize
SAATBAU LINZ EGEN
Zea mays L. · Maize
Monsanto Technology, USA
Zea mays L. · Maize
Pierre CAROLO
Triticum durum Desf. · Durum wheat
ISEA S.P.A.
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Zahynailo Mykola Ivanovych, Lehkun Ihor Borysovych, Babash Andrii Borysovych, Zahynailo Mykola Ivanovych, Perekhrest Valentyna Arkhypivna, Tarasiuk Vasyl` Prokopovych, Kirdohlo IEvhen Kostiantynovych, Linchevskyi Anatolii Adamovych,
Zea mays L. · Maize
NS ratarstvo (YU)
Zea mays L. · Maize
Pierre CAROLO
Bromus catharticus Vahl · Rescue grass
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE, FR
Zea mays L. · Maize
LIDEA FRANCE SAS
Zea mays L. · Maize
Javier Betran
Zea mays L. · Maize
LIDEA FRANCE SAS
Zea mays L. · Maize
R2n SAS
Zea mays L. · Maize
PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION
Zea mays L. · Maize
Marcelo Queijo
Zea mays L. · Maize
CAUSSADE SEMENCES