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Diseases

Smut

Ustilaginomycetes

Smut is a group of cereal diseases caused by fungi, in which plant tissues are destroyed and replaced by a mass of black or dark brown spores. The disease is difficult to diagnose until the heading stage, yet it can lead to the loss of half the crop yield.

Mentioned in descriptions 5 110 varieties reference book.

Smut manifests as the destruction of plant tissues, which are replaced by a powdery mass of teliospores. In the case of loose smut, the entire ear is affected, becoming dusty, while its rachis often remains bare. Covered smut is characterized by the preservation of the grain coat, inside which the mycelium develops; when crushed, a specific "herring" odor is detected.

The development of the disease depends on the biological characteristics of the pathogen and environmental conditions. Loose smut infects the plant during the flowering phase under high humidity and temperatures from +22 to +27 °C, overwintering inside the grain. Covered smut infects the plant during the seed germination period from inoculum present on the surface of the caryopsis or in the soil.

Varietal resistance is provided by genetic mechanisms that prevent the pathogen from penetrating the ovary or block the development of mycelium in the seedling. In the variety testing system, the degree of infection is assessed visually at the full maturity stage, and varieties demonstrating a minimal percentage of infected ears compared to the standards receive higher ratings.

Sources10

Breakdown by crop

Common Smut of Maize 777 Maize Smut 300 Smut — Common Wheat 218 Barley Smut 162 Smut in Sweet Corn 44 Smut of oats 31 Smut of Kentucky bluegrass 24 Bunt of Durum Wheat 22 Loose smut of millet 18 Triticale Loose and Bunt Smut 16 Sorghum Smut 6 Loose smut of Triticum monococcum L. 6 Spelt smut 5 Smut — naked oats 5 Smut of grain sorghum 5 Smut in soft wheat 4 Rice Smut 3 Head Smut of Rescue Grass 3 Wheat Smut 3

Found in these crops

Maize 792 Maize 303 Bread wheat 220 Barley 167 Sweet corn 46 Oat 33 Kentucky bluegrass 24 Durum wheat 23 Proso millet 20 Triticale 18 Sorghum 7 Einkorn wheat 6

Varieties that feature this in their description

Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.

Inagua

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Rustica Prograin Genetique (FR)

AT DE IT PT RO SI +1
13 records

PR37Y12

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Tom Kevern

AT BG HU IT RO SI +2
15 records

Torrild

Active

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

W. von Borries-Eckendorf GmbH & Co.KG

HU LT LV PL SK UA
15 records

PR37N01

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Todd Piper

AT BG HU IT RO SK +1
12 records

Auriga

Active

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

NORDSAAT SAATZUCHT

DE EE ES FI HU LT +1
16 records

Adamo

Active

Avena sativa L. · Oat

Wouda, K.P.

BE DE DK ES FR NL +1
15 records

Tobak

Active

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

W. von Borries-Eckendorf GmbH & Co.KG

EE FR LT PL UA
15 records

Kornelija

Active

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economics, Stende Research Centre, "Dizzemes", Dizstende

EE FI LT LV PL
12 records

PR38N86

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION

AT BG HU IT SI SK +1
13 records

Clarica

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

PIONEER| Pioneer Hi-Bred Services GmbH

AT BG DE HU SI SK +1
16 records

Hussar

Active

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

Zeneca Seeds UK Ltd

BE DK FR IE SE
17 records

Hirondella

Active

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

Claus Einfeldt

CZ DK FR RO UA
13 records

Sertori

Active

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

Forschungsanstalt Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil

EE FI LT LV
12 records

Azrah

Active

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

Stefan Streng

AT CZ PL UA
12 records

Amicus

Active

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

Saatzucht Donau, A

HR HU RO SI
14 records

Yoda

Active

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

SAATZUCHT JOSEF BREUN GMBH and CO.KG

DE EE FI FR LT UA
17 records

Globus

Active

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

Nordsaat Saatzuchtgesellschaft mbH

AT EE NL PL SI SK
11 records

LG31380

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Limagrain Europe, F

AT BG IT RO SK UA
13 records

SY Talisman

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Syngenta UK Ltd

AT DE SK UA
9 records

Toronto

Protection expired

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

Strengs Erben

DK LT NL SE SI
12 records

PR37W05

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Todd Piper

AT HU IT SI SK UA
12 records

PR39H32

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL

AT BE DE LT SI SK
11 records

Fortuna

Active

Poa pratensis L. · Kentucky bluegrass

KORSTEN| Ir. L.H.J. Korsten c/o Zuchtstation Cebeco Seeds BV

CZ DE FI NL PL SK
11 records

Claudia

Active

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

TONI HEIDENREICH

AT DK HR HU SK UA
12 records

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