Diseases
Ustilaginomycetes
Smut is a group of cereal diseases caused by fungi, in which plant tissues are destroyed and replaced by a mass of black or dark brown spores. The disease is difficult to diagnose until the heading stage, yet it can lead to the loss of half the crop yield.
Mentioned in descriptions 5 110 varieties reference book.
Smut manifests as the destruction of plant tissues, which are replaced by a powdery mass of teliospores. In the case of loose smut, the entire ear is affected, becoming dusty, while its rachis often remains bare. Covered smut is characterized by the preservation of the grain coat, inside which the mycelium develops; when crushed, a specific "herring" odor is detected.
The development of the disease depends on the biological characteristics of the pathogen and environmental conditions. Loose smut infects the plant during the flowering phase under high humidity and temperatures from +22 to +27 °C, overwintering inside the grain. Covered smut infects the plant during the seed germination period from inoculum present on the surface of the caryopsis or in the soil.
Varietal resistance is provided by genetic mechanisms that prevent the pathogen from penetrating the ovary or block the development of mycelium in the seedling. In the variety testing system, the degree of infection is assessed visually at the full maturity stage, and varieties demonstrating a minimal percentage of infected ears compared to the standards receive higher ratings.
Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.
Zea mays L. · Maize
Philippe Flammant
Zea mays L. · Maize
KWS| KWS SAAT AG
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Ragt, F
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Saaten-Union
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Saaten-Union
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Saaten-Union
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Secobra, F
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Nordsaat Saatzuchtgesellschaft mbH
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
VRDOLJAK GUSTAVO OMAR
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
W. von Borries-Eckendorf GmbH & Co.KG
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Limagrain Nederland B.V.
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
KWS LOCHOW GMBH, DE
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Saaten-Union
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
LIMAGRAIN EUROPE
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
STRENG, STEFAN| Dr. Stefan Streng (Saatzuchtwirtschaft Streng)
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Deutsche Saatveredelung AG, D-59557 Lippstadt
Poa pratensis L. · Kentucky bluegrass
Van Engelen Zaden B.V.
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
I.G. Saatzucht (DE)
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Schlieter Bernd, Busch Heinrich,
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
LOCHOW-PETKUS
Zea mays L. · Maize
Pierre CAROLO
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
NORDSAAT Saatzuchtgesellschaft mbH - Zuchtstation Gudow - Herrn Dr. Eberhard Laubach
Zea mays L. · Maize
Rustica Prograin Genetique (FR)
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
DEUTSCHE SAATVEREDELUNG AG