Diseases

Smut

Ustilaginomycetes

Smut is a group of cereal diseases caused by fungi, in which plant tissues are destroyed and replaced by a mass of black or dark brown spores. The disease is difficult to diagnose until the heading stage, yet it can lead to the loss of half the crop yield.

Mentioned in descriptions 5 110 varieties reference book.

Smut manifests as the destruction of plant tissues, which are replaced by a powdery mass of teliospores. In the case of loose smut, the entire ear is affected, becoming dusty, while its rachis often remains bare. Covered smut is characterized by the preservation of the grain coat, inside which the mycelium develops; when crushed, a specific "herring" odor is detected.

The development of the disease depends on the biological characteristics of the pathogen and environmental conditions. Loose smut infects the plant during the flowering phase under high humidity and temperatures from +22 to +27 °C, overwintering inside the grain. Covered smut infects the plant during the seed germination period from inoculum present on the surface of the caryopsis or in the soil.

Varietal resistance is provided by genetic mechanisms that prevent the pathogen from penetrating the ovary or block the development of mycelium in the seedling. In the variety testing system, the degree of infection is assessed visually at the full maturity stage, and varieties demonstrating a minimal percentage of infected ears compared to the standards receive higher ratings.

Sources10

Breakdown by crop

Common Smut of Maize 777 Maize Smut 300 Smut — Common Wheat 218 Barley Smut 162 Smut in Sweet Corn 44 Smut of oats 31 Smut of Kentucky bluegrass 24 Bunt of Durum Wheat 22 Loose smut of millet 18 Triticale Loose and Bunt Smut 16 Sorghum Smut 6 Loose smut of Triticum monococcum L. 6 Spelt smut 5 Smut — naked oats 5 Smut of grain sorghum 5 Smut in soft wheat 4 Rice Smut 3 Head Smut of Rescue Grass 3 Wheat Smut 3

Found in these crops

Maize 792 Maize 303 Bread wheat 220 Barley 167 Sweet corn 46 Oat 33 Kentucky bluegrass 24 Durum wheat 23 Proso millet 20 Triticale 18 Sorghum 7 Einkorn wheat 6

Varieties that feature this in their description

Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.

Viskosa

Terminated

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

RICHTER| Edelgard Richter in Fa. NORDSAAT Saatzucht- gesellschaft mbH

AT DE EE FI FR

14 records

SW Magnifik

Active

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

Lantmaennen ek foer

EE FI LT LV SE

12 records

PR38A79

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Todd Piper

AT BG HU SI UA

12 records

Steffi

Active

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

Saatzucht Dr. J. Ackermann & Co

AT DE DK ES IT

12 records

Festival

Active

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

Tina Henriksson

EE FR LT PL SE

17 records

Finelawn

Active

Festuca arundinacea Schreb. · Tall fescue

DLF-TRIFOLIUM DANSK PLANTEFORAEDLING

CZ HR HU IT RO

10 records

P9175

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Pioneer Overseas Corporation, USA

AT BG HU UA

14 records

Hallfreda

Active

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

Tina Henriksson

EE LT PL SE

13 records

Crescendo

Active

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

VEQUAUD DOMINIQUE

CZ FR NL UA

17 records

Rugby II

Active

Poa pratensis L. · Kentucky bluegrass

JACKLIN SEED

ES HR

8 records

Ismena

Active

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

Saaten-Union

CZ PL

11 records

Ronaldinio

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Rainer Leipert, Dieter Alber,

AT DE SI SK UA

12 records

Schiwago

Active

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

Saaten-Union

CZ DE FR PL UA

11 records

Astron

Active

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

STRUBE GMBH&CO.KG

DK LT LV UA

12 records

Calixo

Active

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

Secobra Saatzucht

EE FI LT LV

14 records

Eifel

Active

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

SECOBRA RECHERCHES S.A.S

AT DE FI UA

11 records

Princess

Active

Pisum sativum L. · Pea

Wilbur-Ellis Company

DK FR

13 records

SY Telias

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Syngenta France SAS

AT DE LU UA

9 records

Delitop

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Syngenta Crop Protection AG Seeds Divison

AT DE LT UA

10 records

Cisko

Protection expired

Zea mays L. · Maize

SYNGENTA SEEDS AG, CH

BG HU IT SI UA

10 records

SY Fenomen

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Syngenta Crop Protection AG

AT IT SK UA

8 records

SY Abelardo

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Syngenta Participations AG c/o Syngenta International AG

AT DE DK LT

10 records

SY Impulse

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Syngenta Participations AG c/o Syngenta International AG

AT DE IT UA

9 records

Sundance

Active

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Sweet Corn Group) · Sweet corn

HM Clause, INC. (SAD)

FR HR HU NL SK

7 records

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Text source

This summary is compiled from the publications listed in the sources and verified by an editor. It contains no legally significant information; it provides agronomic context for registry data rather than the registry data itself.