Diseases

Smut

Ustilaginomycetes

Smut is a group of cereal diseases caused by fungi, in which plant tissues are destroyed and replaced by a mass of black or dark brown spores. The disease is difficult to diagnose until the heading stage, yet it can lead to the loss of half the crop yield.

Mentioned in descriptions 5 110 varieties reference book.

Smut manifests as the destruction of plant tissues, which are replaced by a powdery mass of teliospores. In the case of loose smut, the entire ear is affected, becoming dusty, while its rachis often remains bare. Covered smut is characterized by the preservation of the grain coat, inside which the mycelium develops; when crushed, a specific "herring" odor is detected.

The development of the disease depends on the biological characteristics of the pathogen and environmental conditions. Loose smut infects the plant during the flowering phase under high humidity and temperatures from +22 to +27 °C, overwintering inside the grain. Covered smut infects the plant during the seed germination period from inoculum present on the surface of the caryopsis or in the soil.

Varietal resistance is provided by genetic mechanisms that prevent the pathogen from penetrating the ovary or block the development of mycelium in the seedling. In the variety testing system, the degree of infection is assessed visually at the full maturity stage, and varieties demonstrating a minimal percentage of infected ears compared to the standards receive higher ratings.

Sources10

Breakdown by crop

Common Smut of Maize 777 Maize Smut 300 Smut — Common Wheat 218 Barley Smut 162 Smut in Sweet Corn 44 Smut of oats 31 Smut of Kentucky bluegrass 24 Bunt of Durum Wheat 22 Loose smut of millet 18 Triticale Loose and Bunt Smut 16 Sorghum Smut 6 Loose smut of Triticum monococcum L. 6 Spelt smut 5 Smut — naked oats 5 Smut of grain sorghum 5 Smut in soft wheat 4 Rice Smut 3 Head Smut of Rescue Grass 3 Wheat Smut 3

Found in these crops

Maize 792 Maize 303 Bread wheat 220 Barley 167 Sweet corn 46 Oat 33 Kentucky bluegrass 24 Durum wheat 23 Proso millet 20 Triticale 18 Sorghum 7 Einkorn wheat 6

Varieties that feature this in their description

Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.

LG31350

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Limagrain Europe, F

BG HU IT SK UA

10 records

Kinemas

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

KWS, D

BG HU RO SK UA

10 records

Max

Active

Avena sativa L. · Oat

Saatzucht Bauer GmbH & Co KG

AT CZ DE LU

10 records

Marcamo

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

SAATBAU LINZ EGEN

LT SK UA

9 records

SU Ahab

Active

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

Strube-Dieckmann GmbH&Co.KG

EE LT PL

11 records

ES Bombastic

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

LIDEA FRANCE SAS

AT DE IT UA

8 records

ES Faraday

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Pierre CAROLO

AT HU SK UA

10 records

Turanus

Active

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

SAATZUCHT DONAU GESMBH & CO KG

FI LT UA

12 records

Odisseo

Active

Triticum durum Desf. · Durum wheat

Tiziano Disaro

IT UA

13 records

Messenger

Active

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Sweet Corn Group) · Sweet corn

Seminis Vegetable Seeds

NL UA

9 records

Basic

Active

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

SECOBRA RECHERCHES S.A.S

ES PL

10 records

ES Mylady

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Laurent BETTINGER

BG HU SK UA

9 records

LG31390

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Marcelo Queijo

BG RO SK UA

10 records

LG31305

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Marcelo Queijo

BG IT SK UA

9 records

SY Pandoras

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Syngenta France SAS

AT DE IT UA

7 records

SY Enermax

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Syngenta Participations AG c/o Syngenta International AG

AT DE HU IT UA

9 records

ES Cortes

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Pierre CAROLO

BG HU RO SK UA

9 records

NK Cooler

Protection expired

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize

Syngenta Crop Protection AG, CH

BE CZ FR NL PL

6 records

ES Gallery

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Pierre CAROLO

AT HU SK UA

8 records

SY Rotango

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Syngenta France SAS

LT UA

8 records

Maxxalia

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

R2n (FR)

BG HU SK UA

8 records

ES Cirrius

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Pierre CAROLO

AT DE UA

9 records

Malawi CS

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Pierre GARRAUD

DE SK UA

7 records

Haldor

Terminated

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

SW Seed BV

AT EE LV PL

6 records

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Text source

This summary is compiled from the publications listed in the sources and verified by an editor. It contains no legally significant information; it provides agronomic context for registry data rather than the registry data itself.