Diseases
Ustilaginomycetes
Smut is a group of cereal diseases caused by fungi, in which plant tissues are destroyed and replaced by a mass of black or dark brown spores. The disease is difficult to diagnose until the heading stage, yet it can lead to the loss of half the crop yield.
Mentioned in descriptions 5 110 varieties reference book.
Smut manifests as the destruction of plant tissues, which are replaced by a powdery mass of teliospores. In the case of loose smut, the entire ear is affected, becoming dusty, while its rachis often remains bare. Covered smut is characterized by the preservation of the grain coat, inside which the mycelium develops; when crushed, a specific "herring" odor is detected.
The development of the disease depends on the biological characteristics of the pathogen and environmental conditions. Loose smut infects the plant during the flowering phase under high humidity and temperatures from +22 to +27 °C, overwintering inside the grain. Covered smut infects the plant during the seed germination period from inoculum present on the surface of the caryopsis or in the soil.
Varietal resistance is provided by genetic mechanisms that prevent the pathogen from penetrating the ovary or block the development of mycelium in the seedling. In the variety testing system, the degree of infection is assessed visually at the full maturity stage, and varieties demonstrating a minimal percentage of infected ears compared to the standards receive higher ratings.
Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.
Zea mays L. · Maize
Pioneer Overseas Corporation, USA
Zea mays L. · Maize
Pioneer Overseas Corporation/ Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc., USA
Zea mays L. · Maize
Pioneer Overseas Corporation/Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc, USA
Zea mays L. · Maize
Pioneer Overseas Corporation, USA
Zea mays L. · Maize
Pioneer Overseas Corporation/ Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc., USA
Zea mays L. · Maize
Travis Coleman Johann Fangl
Zea mays L. · Maize
PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION
Zea mays L. · Maize
Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc Pioneer Overseas Corporation
Zea mays L. · Maize
PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION
Zea mays L. · Maize
Pioneer Overseas Corporation/ Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc., USA
Zea mays L. · Maize
Pioneer Overseas Cor, USA
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
W. von Borries-Eckendorf GmbH & Co.KG
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
STA.FED.RECH.AGR.CHANGINS
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Reiner, Bothe Erhard, Ebmeyer
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Sud Cereales (FR)
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Tina Henriksson
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Sweet Corn Group) · Sweet corn
HM Clause, USA
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Syngenta Participations AG
Poa pratensis L. · Kentucky bluegrass
PURE SEED TESTING
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Innoseeds B.V.
Zea mays L. · Maize
Walter Schmidt^^^H.S. Hilscher
Zea mays L. · Maize
Roland Debeuf
Zea mays L. · Maize
LIDEA FRANCE SAS
Zea mays L. · Maize
Zhoel` Meuner