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Diseases

Smut

Ustilaginomycetes

Smut is a group of cereal diseases caused by fungi, in which plant tissues are destroyed and replaced by a mass of black or dark brown spores. The disease is difficult to diagnose until the heading stage, yet it can lead to the loss of half the crop yield.

Mentioned in descriptions 5 110 varieties reference book.

Smut manifests as the destruction of plant tissues, which are replaced by a powdery mass of teliospores. In the case of loose smut, the entire ear is affected, becoming dusty, while its rachis often remains bare. Covered smut is characterized by the preservation of the grain coat, inside which the mycelium develops; when crushed, a specific "herring" odor is detected.

The development of the disease depends on the biological characteristics of the pathogen and environmental conditions. Loose smut infects the plant during the flowering phase under high humidity and temperatures from +22 to +27 °C, overwintering inside the grain. Covered smut infects the plant during the seed germination period from inoculum present on the surface of the caryopsis or in the soil.

Varietal resistance is provided by genetic mechanisms that prevent the pathogen from penetrating the ovary or block the development of mycelium in the seedling. In the variety testing system, the degree of infection is assessed visually at the full maturity stage, and varieties demonstrating a minimal percentage of infected ears compared to the standards receive higher ratings.

Sources10

Breakdown by crop

Common Smut of Maize 777 Maize Smut 300 Smut — Common Wheat 218 Barley Smut 162 Smut in Sweet Corn 44 Smut of oats 31 Smut of Kentucky bluegrass 24 Bunt of Durum Wheat 22 Loose smut of millet 18 Triticale Loose and Bunt Smut 16 Sorghum Smut 6 Loose smut of Triticum monococcum L. 6 Spelt smut 5 Smut — naked oats 5 Smut of grain sorghum 5 Smut in soft wheat 4 Rice Smut 3 Head Smut of Rescue Grass 3 Wheat Smut 3

Found in these crops

Maize 792 Maize 303 Bread wheat 220 Barley 167 Sweet corn 46 Oat 33 Kentucky bluegrass 24 Durum wheat 23 Proso millet 20 Triticale 18 Sorghum 7 Einkorn wheat 6

Varieties that feature this in their description

Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.

DKC 5276

Terminated

Zea mays L. · Maize

Joel Roucolle

UA
5 records

Hratsiia myronivs'ka

Active

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

SIROSHTAN ANDRII, MURASHKO LIUDMYLA, VOLOHDINA HALYNA, ZAMLILA NINA, KOLOMIIETS LIDIIА, HUMENIUK OLEKSANDR, DERHACHOV OLEKSANDR, DEMYDOV OLEKSANDR, KOCHMARSKYI VALENTYN, KYRYLENKO VIRA

UA
3 records

Rival

Protection expired

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Sweet Corn Group) · Sweet corn

HU SK
4 records

Euros

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

DK
4 records

Dolly

Active

Trifolium pratense L. · Red clover

CZ SK
6 records

Excalibur

Terminated

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Sweet Corn Group) · Sweet corn

HU SK
4 records

Sioux

Withdrawn

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

Syngenta Hadmersleben

EE LT PL
3 records

RGT Inedixx

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

R.A.G.T. 2n SAS

AT UA
4 records

LID1244C

Active

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize

LIDEA FRANCE SAS

NL PL
3 records

ES Hemingway

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Pierre CAROLO

DE UA
5 records

Fieldplayer

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

LIDEA FRANCE SAS

BE LT
4 records

ES Skytower

Active

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize

LIDEA FRANCE SAS

CZ PL
3 records

ES Scorpion

Active

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize

LIDEA FRANCE SAS

CZ PL
3 records

NKTerra

Terminated

Zea mays L. · Maize

SYNGENTA SEEDS AG, CH

BG IT
3 records

Midnight

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Lue Morvillien

IT UA
5 records

SY Olivia

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Syngenta Crop Protection AG

IT UA
4 records

SY Figura

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Syngenta Crop Protection AG

IT UA
4 records

SY Electron

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Syngenta participation AG

IT UA
4 records

30M

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

PETER KONCZOL

AT HU UA
4 records

DS1460C

Terminated

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize

DOW AgroSciences

CZ PL
3 records

SY Octeon

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Syngenta participation AG

IT UA
3 records

LG31284

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Roland Debeuf

IT UA
4 records

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