Diseases
Ustilaginomycetes
Smut is a group of cereal diseases caused by fungi, in which plant tissues are destroyed and replaced by a mass of black or dark brown spores. The disease is difficult to diagnose until the heading stage, yet it can lead to the loss of half the crop yield.
Mentioned in descriptions 5 110 varieties reference book.
Smut manifests as the destruction of plant tissues, which are replaced by a powdery mass of teliospores. In the case of loose smut, the entire ear is affected, becoming dusty, while its rachis often remains bare. Covered smut is characterized by the preservation of the grain coat, inside which the mycelium develops; when crushed, a specific "herring" odor is detected.
The development of the disease depends on the biological characteristics of the pathogen and environmental conditions. Loose smut infects the plant during the flowering phase under high humidity and temperatures from +22 to +27 °C, overwintering inside the grain. Covered smut infects the plant during the seed germination period from inoculum present on the surface of the caryopsis or in the soil.
Varietal resistance is provided by genetic mechanisms that prevent the pathogen from penetrating the ovary or block the development of mycelium in the seedling. In the variety testing system, the degree of infection is assessed visually at the full maturity stage, and varieties demonstrating a minimal percentage of infected ears compared to the standards receive higher ratings.
Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
RAGT CZECH S.R.O.
Zea mays L. · Maize
RAGT 2N S.A.S
Zea mays L. · Maize
SAATBAU LINZ EGEN
Zea mays L. · Maize
MONSANTO TECHNOLOGY
Zea mays L. · Maize
Zhyv'ier Betran
Zea mays L. · Maize
Roland Debeuf
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Saatzucht Donau GmbH & Co.KG
Zea mays L. · Maize
Syngenta participation AG
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Hagberg, Arne
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
SW Seed BV
Zea mays L. · Maize
Syngenta participation AG
Zea mays L. · Maize
Syngenta Crop Protection AG
Zea mays L. · Maize
RAGT 2N S.A.S
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION US
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION US
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL
Zea mays L. · Maize
Stephane Melkior
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
PIONEER HI-BRED SERVICES GmbH,AT
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION
Zea mays L. · Maize
PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
Pioneer Hi-bred International Inc. (USA)
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
Pioneer Overseas Corporation US (USA)