Diseases

Viral mosaic diseases

Viral mosaic diseases are a group of systemic infectious plant diseases manifesting in variegated leaf coloration, tissue deformation, and reduced productivity. These diseases are caused by various pathogens, spread by pests and through contact, and are virtually untreatable.

Mentioned in descriptions 22 022 varieties reference book.

Viral mosaic diseases are characterized by the appearance of alternating spots of different colors on plant organs, including light rings, star-shaped spots, or stripes. In addition to specific variegated coloration, affected plants often exhibit leaf blade curling, wrinkling, and crinkling, as well as stunted overall growth and deformation of fruits and flowers. Sometimes the infection is latent, where visual symptoms are absent, yet crop productivity is significantly reduced.

Pathogen dissemination occurs through vectors such as aphids, true bugs, mites, and nematodes, as well as through mechanical transfer of sap from diseased plants during care, pruning, or physical contact. Infection is possible via seeds, planting material, soil, and crop residues. The intensity of infection development depends on weather conditions, particularly temperature regimes, and crop density, which facilitates rapid virus transmission.

Varietal resistance to mosaics is determined by the presence of specific or recessive genes affecting translation initiation. During breeding and variety testing, resistance is evaluated under artificial inoculation on infectious disease plots. Modern diagnostics for controlling viral load include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), while field resistance is determined by a variety's ability to not accumulate the pathogen throughout the growing season.

Sources10

Breakdown by crop

Tomato Mosaic Virus 2 411 Pepper Mosaic Viruses 1 221 Lettuce mosaic virus 907 Cucumber mosaic viruses 850 Bean mosaic viruses 575 Zucchini Mosaic Viruses 295 Barley mosaic viruses 179 Viral Mosaic — Sweet Corn 100 Pea mosaic viruses 88 Tomato Mosaic Viruses 73 Viral mosaics of tomato (interspecific hybrids) 62 Viral mosaics of wheat 60 Potato mosaic viruses 49 Eggplant Mosaic Viruses 39 Viral mosaics of durum wheat 29 Alstroemeria Mosaic Viruses 26 Tobacco Mosaic Virus 26 Maize Dwarf Mosaic 23 Soybean Mosaic Virus 18 Spinach Mosaic Viruses 18 Raspberry Mosaic Virus Complex 16 Viral mosaics of yellow lupine 12 Fig mosaic disease 11 Viral Mosaic — Giant Pumpkin 11

Found in these crops

Tomato 2 412 Bell pepper 1 220 Lettuce 912 Cucumber 853 Common bean 585 Field pumpkin 296 Barley 181 Sweet corn 113 Pea 110 Bread wheat 74 Tomato 73 hybrids between Solanum lycopersicum L. and S. habrochaites S. Knapp & D.M. Spooner 62

Varieties that feature this in their description

Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.

Xanadu XR

Application submitted

Solanum lycopersicum L. · Tomato

Axia NL B.V.

4 records

Yazuma F1

Terminated

Cucurbita pepo L. · Field pumpkin

Shevchenko Igor

1 record

Žalsviai

Terminated

Cucumis sativus L. · Cucumber

Lietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro filialas Sodininkystės ir daržininkystės institutas

1 record

Xenia XR

Application submitted

Solanum lycopersicum L. · Tomato

Axia NL B.V.

2 records

Xantara XR

Active

Solanum lycopersicum L. · Tomato

Axia NL B.V.

2 records

YPACARAI

Application submitted

Solanum lycopersicum L. · Tomato

MERIDIEM SEEDS S.L.

1 record

VRG 11

Active

Nicotiana tabacum L. · Tobacco

Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

1 record

Vollendung

Terminated

Solanum lycopersicum L. · Tomato

WAVEREN| van Waveren Saaten GmbH

1 record

VLASSTAR

Terminated

Cucumis sativus L. · Cucumber

Seminis Vegetable Seeds (NL)

1 record

Viviette

Application submitted

Capsicum annuum L. · Bell pepper

Enza Zaden Beheer B.V.

2 records

Wayfinder

Withdrawn

Capsicum annuum L. · Bell pepper

Enza Zaden Beheer B.V.

2 records

Vizyr

Active

Solanum melongena L. · Eggplant

Ali Yuksel

2 records

Xylia XR

Application submitted

Solanum lycopersicum L. · Tomato

Axia NL B.V.

2 records

Xombra

Application submitted

Solanum lycopersicum L. · Tomato

Axia NL B.V.

2 records

Xerany

Application submitted

Solanum lycopersicum L. · Tomato

Axia NL B.V.

2 records

VIGILANTE

Application submitted

Capsicum annuum L. · Bell pepper

CAPITAL GENETIC EBT, S.L.

1 record

VIGIA

Application submitted

Capsicum annuum L. · Bell pepper

CAPITAL GENETIC EBT, S.L.

1 record

Viesielaia Kompaniia F1

Terminated

Cucumis sativus L. · Cucumber

Havrysh Serhii Fedorovych, Dubinin Serhii Volodymyrovych,

2 records

Vesna F1

Terminated

Cucumis sativus L. · Cucumber

Mashtakov Mykola Oleksiiovych, Mashkova Hanna Kharlampiievna, Mashtakov Oleksii Oleksiiovych, Dubinin Serhii Volodymyrovych,

2 records

Veloz F1

Active

Solanum lycopersicum L. · Tomato

Doug Heath

1 record

Véga

Terminated

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize

Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc (US)

2 records

Valsalso

Active

Triticum L. · Wheat

Volpe Giuseppe

1 record

Viernyie Druz`ia F1

Terminated

Cucumis sativus L. · Cucumber

Krylov Oleh Mykolaiovych, Borysov Oleksandr Volodymyrovych,

1 record

VRG 12

Active

Nicotiana tabacum L. · Tobacco

Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

1 record

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Diseases

Powdery mildew 33 570
Fusarium wilt and blight 29 887
Downy mildew 16 384
Leaf spot diseases 15 926
Rust 14 859
Verticillium wilt 12 175
Scab 12 064
Grey mold 7 316

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Text source

This summary is compiled from the publications listed in the sources and verified by an editor. It contains no legally significant information; it provides agronomic context for registry data rather than the registry data itself.