Diseases

Smut

Ustilaginomycetes

Smut is a group of cereal diseases caused by fungi, in which plant tissues are destroyed and replaced by a mass of black or dark brown spores. The disease is difficult to diagnose until the heading stage, yet it can lead to the loss of half the crop yield.

Mentioned in descriptions 5 110 varieties reference book.

Smut manifests as the destruction of plant tissues, which are replaced by a powdery mass of teliospores. In the case of loose smut, the entire ear is affected, becoming dusty, while its rachis often remains bare. Covered smut is characterized by the preservation of the grain coat, inside which the mycelium develops; when crushed, a specific "herring" odor is detected.

The development of the disease depends on the biological characteristics of the pathogen and environmental conditions. Loose smut infects the plant during the flowering phase under high humidity and temperatures from +22 to +27 °C, overwintering inside the grain. Covered smut infects the plant during the seed germination period from inoculum present on the surface of the caryopsis or in the soil.

Varietal resistance is provided by genetic mechanisms that prevent the pathogen from penetrating the ovary or block the development of mycelium in the seedling. In the variety testing system, the degree of infection is assessed visually at the full maturity stage, and varieties demonstrating a minimal percentage of infected ears compared to the standards receive higher ratings.

Sources10

Breakdown by crop

Common Smut of Maize 777 Maize Smut 300 Smut — Common Wheat 218 Barley Smut 162 Smut in Sweet Corn 44 Smut of oats 31 Smut of Kentucky bluegrass 24 Bunt of Durum Wheat 22 Loose smut of millet 18 Triticale Loose and Bunt Smut 16 Sorghum Smut 6 Loose smut of Triticum monococcum L. 6 Spelt smut 5 Smut — naked oats 5 Smut of grain sorghum 5 Smut in soft wheat 4 Rice Smut 3 Head Smut of Rescue Grass 3 Wheat Smut 3

Found in these crops

Maize 792 Maize 303 Bread wheat 220 Barley 167 Sweet corn 46 Oat 33 Kentucky bluegrass 24 Durum wheat 23 Proso millet 20 Triticale 18 Sorghum 7 Einkorn wheat 6

Varieties that feature this in their description

Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.

Naomi

Terminated

Zea mays L. · Maize

SPAETH HANS| Dr. Hans Rolf Spaeth

3 records

Marlis

Protection expired

Zea mays L. · Maize

PAU SEMENCES

AT SI

3 records

ES Future

Terminated

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize

Euralis Semences FR

CZ FR

2 records

Denerio

Terminated

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize

KWS SAAT SE & CO.KGAA

FR NL

2 records

X85P703

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION

IT UA

2 records

Tvist

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Osadchyi Serhii Stepanovych, Khromenko Vitalii Oleksandrovych, Kalinchuk Oleh Ivanovych, Tereshcuk Serhii Mykolaiovych, Fedko Mykola Mykolaiovych, Cherchel Vladyslav IUriiovych, Dziubetskyi Borys Volodymyrovych,

3 records

SY Tallinn

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Syngenta Crop Protection AG

3 records

Sy Fanfara

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Syngenta Crop Protection AG

2 records

SY Astrella

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Syngenta Crop Protection AG

2 records

SM Vistula

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Hodowla Roslin Smolice Sp.z o.o Grupa IHAR

3 records

PR31B76

Withdrawn

Zea mays L. · Maize

PIONEER HI-BRED INT

IT PT

3 records

Paradis

Terminated

Zea mays L. · Maize

Maisadour Semences

2 records

Misteri CS

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

CAUSSADE SEMENCES

2 records

Nefta

Protection expired

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

VILMORIN/VERNEUIL RECHER.

ES FR

4 records

MAS 34C

Terminated

Zea mays L. · Maize

Maisadour Semences

2 records

Lubeca

Withdrawn

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

Erhardt Eger per adresse Pflanzenzucht Dr. h.c. Carsten, Inh. Erhardt Eger KG

DE PL

2 records

KWS Kaduro

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

KWS France S.A.R.L Zone industrielle Sud

3 records

KWS Tisento

Active

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize

KWS SAAT SE & CO.KGAA

2 records

LISKAM

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Ken Christensen

2 records

Irania

Terminated

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

Saatzucht Dr.J. Ackermann (DE)/Tourneur Grandes Cultures Obtentions SNC (FR)

DK FR

4 records

KWS Lemondo

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

KWS SAAT SE & CO.KGAA

SK UA

3 records

Inception

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

FREIHERR VON MOREAU SAATZUCHT

2 records

Feldi

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

CAUSSADE SEMENCES

2 records

Dumka

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Czajczynski Jozef s. Czeslawa, Cygert Henryk s. Jana, Adamczyk Jozefa s. Jozefa,

2 records

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Text source

This summary is compiled from the publications listed in the sources and verified by an editor. It contains no legally significant information; it provides agronomic context for registry data rather than the registry data itself.