Diseases
Ustilaginomycetes
Smut is a group of cereal diseases caused by fungi, in which plant tissues are destroyed and replaced by a mass of black or dark brown spores. The disease is difficult to diagnose until the heading stage, yet it can lead to the loss of half the crop yield.
Mentioned in descriptions 5 110 varieties reference book.
Smut manifests as the destruction of plant tissues, which are replaced by a powdery mass of teliospores. In the case of loose smut, the entire ear is affected, becoming dusty, while its rachis often remains bare. Covered smut is characterized by the preservation of the grain coat, inside which the mycelium develops; when crushed, a specific "herring" odor is detected.
The development of the disease depends on the biological characteristics of the pathogen and environmental conditions. Loose smut infects the plant during the flowering phase under high humidity and temperatures from +22 to +27 °C, overwintering inside the grain. Covered smut infects the plant during the seed germination period from inoculum present on the surface of the caryopsis or in the soil.
Varietal resistance is provided by genetic mechanisms that prevent the pathogen from penetrating the ovary or block the development of mycelium in the seedling. In the variety testing system, the degree of infection is assessed visually at the full maturity stage, and varieties demonstrating a minimal percentage of infected ears compared to the standards receive higher ratings.
Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.
Triticum aestivum L. subsp. spelta (L.) Thell. · Spelt
Liubych Vitalii Volodymyrovych, Zabolotna Ivanna Romanivna, Iliuchenko Oleksandr Serhiiovych, Rusavskyi Vladyslav Leonidovych, Parii IUliia Oleksandrivna, Parii IAroslav Fedorovych, Zhekova Iryna Olehivna, Novak Zhanna Mykolaivna, Parii Myroslav Fedorovyc
Panicum miliaceum L. · Proso millet
Chernychka Nataliia Ivanivna, Mel`nyk Liudmyla Anatolivna, Synytsyna Olena Volodymyrivna, Perevertun Larysa Ivanivna, Prodanyk Anatolii Mykhailovych, Taranenko Liubov Kalynivna, Yashovs`kyi Ivan Viktorovych,
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Sweet Corn Group) · Sweet corn
Toma Dankov, Boris Krapchev, Lila Todorova, Miglena Kruleva, Krasimira Velkova
Zea mays L. · Maize
Kudyna Ol`ha IUriivna, Lubko Maryna Vasylivna, Parii IAroslav Fedorovych, Rusavskyi Vladyslav Leonidovych, Iliuchenko Oleksandr Serhiiovych, Parii Myroslav Fedorovych, Parii IUliia Oleksandrivna, Parii Fedir Mykytovych,
Oryza sativa L. · Rice
RICE TEC INC.
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Parfent`iev Mykhailo Hryhorovych, Khodakova Tetiana Mykolaivna,
Avena sativa L. · Oat
LOCHOW| KWS LOCHOW GMBH
Zea mays L. · Maize
Hontarovs`kyi Viacheslav Afanasiiovych, Fedko Mykola Mykolaiovych, Kyrpa Mykola IAkovych, Ilchenko Larysa Anatoliivna, Halechko Ivan Dmytrovych, Borysov Viktor Mykolaiovych, Bodenko Natalia Anatoliivna, Antoniuk Serhii Petrovych, Cherchel Vladyslav IUriio
Zea mays L. · Maize
Kalinichenko Artem Oleksandrovych, Didenko Kostiantyn Oleksandrovych,
Zea mays L. · Maize
Nuzhna Mariia Volodymyrivna, Hlushko Tetiana Viktorivna, Hozh Oleksandr Anatoliiovych, MarchenkoTetiana IUriivna, Lavrynenko IUrii Oleksandrovych,
Zea mays L. · Maize
KWS SAAT SE & CO.KGAA
Zea mays L. · Maize
Breus Oksana Serhiivna, Parii IUliia Oleksandrivna, Parii Fedir Mykytovych, Parii Myroslav Fedorovych, Parii IAroslav Fedorovych,
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Saatzucht Donau GmbH & Co.KG
Zea mays L. · Maize
Saatzucht Gleisdorf
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
Northrup King Semences SA (FR)
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
Syngenta Crop Protection AG, CH
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
Syngenta Crop Protection AG, CH
Zea mays L. · Maize
Syngenta Crop Protection AG
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
Syngenta Participations AG| CH
Zea mays L. · Maize
Syngenta participation AG
Zea mays L. · Maize
D.J. VAN DER HAVE B.V.
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
Hodowla Roslin Smolice Sp.z o.o Grupa IHAR
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
Hodowla Roslin Smolice Sp.z o.o Grupa IHAR
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize
Hodowla Roslin Smolice Sp.z o.o Grupa IHAR