Diseases
Ustilaginomycetes
Smut is a group of cereal diseases caused by fungi, in which plant tissues are destroyed and replaced by a mass of black or dark brown spores. The disease is difficult to diagnose until the heading stage, yet it can lead to the loss of half the crop yield.
Mentioned in descriptions 5 110 varieties reference book.
Smut manifests as the destruction of plant tissues, which are replaced by a powdery mass of teliospores. In the case of loose smut, the entire ear is affected, becoming dusty, while its rachis often remains bare. Covered smut is characterized by the preservation of the grain coat, inside which the mycelium develops; when crushed, a specific "herring" odor is detected.
The development of the disease depends on the biological characteristics of the pathogen and environmental conditions. Loose smut infects the plant during the flowering phase under high humidity and temperatures from +22 to +27 °C, overwintering inside the grain. Covered smut infects the plant during the seed germination period from inoculum present on the surface of the caryopsis or in the soil.
Varietal resistance is provided by genetic mechanisms that prevent the pathogen from penetrating the ovary or block the development of mycelium in the seedling. In the variety testing system, the degree of infection is assessed visually at the full maturity stage, and varieties demonstrating a minimal percentage of infected ears compared to the standards receive higher ratings.
Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
SAULESCU NICOLAEITTU GHEORGHEMUSTATEA POMPILIUITTU MARIANAMARINCIU CRISTINA MIHAELASERBAN GABRIELAMANDEA VASILECIUCA MATILDA
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Heinrich Busch^^^HERRMANN MANFRED
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
FIRLBECK KATHERINA UND JOHANN^^^JOHANNA BERGER ^^^JOSEF BERGER
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Ushkarenko Viktor Oleksandrovych, Orliuk Anatolii Pavlovych, Lazer Petro Nartsysovych, Zhuzha Oleksandr Dmytrovych, Honcharova Kapitolina V'iacheslavivna, Bazalii Halyna Hryhorivna,
Triticum durum Desf. · Durum wheat
Dr. Christoph Kling in Universität Hohenheim - Landessaatzuchtanstalt -
Zea mays L. · Maize
Shevchenko Serhii Oleksandrovych, Halechko Ivan Dmytrovych, Borysov Viktor Mykolaiovych,
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
FORSCHUNGSANSTALT FÜR AGRARÖKOLOGIE UND LANDBAU^^^Station Fédérale de Recherches Agronomiques de Changins (RAC)
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Heinrich Busch^^^HERRMANN MANFRED
Oryza sativa L. · Rice
RICE TEC INC.
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
LYFENKO SAVELIJ FILIPPOVICh / ERINYaK NIKOLAJ IVANOVICh / FEDChENKO VLADIMIR PAVLOVICh / NARGAN TAT'YaNA PAVLOVNA / NAKONEChNYJ NIKOLAJ YuR'EVICh / BREDINSKAYa NADEZhDA STEPANOVNA / RODENKO GALINA ANATOL'EVNA / BOSAKOVSKAYa NATAL'Ya YuR'EVNA / D'YaChENKO
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
ABED FONDEN
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
BORRIES| W. von Borries-Eckendorf GmbH & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft
Zea mays L. · Maize
Monsanto Technology, USA
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Nickerson International Research S.N.C.
Zea mays L. · Maize
Monsanto Technology, USA
x Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus · Triticale
SVALÖF WEIBULL B.V.
Zea mays L. · Maize
SAATBAU LINZ EGEN
Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Sweet Corn Group) · Sweet corn
SEMO a.s
Zea mays L. · Maize
MAY AGRO SEED CORP.
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Lietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centras
Zea mays L. · Maize
MAY AGRO SEED CORP.
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
F. Weilenmann Agroscope / Michael Winzeler Agroscope / W. Saurer Agroscope
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
F. Weilenmann Agroscope / Michael Winzeler Agroscope / W. Saurer Agroscope
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
DR KLAUS RICHTER^^^DR. HAMMAN THILO