Cultivation
The distinction between winter and spring forms is based on the biological requirement for vernalization—a temperature-driven phase necessary for the formation of reproductive organs. Winter forms require cold exposure, whereas spring forms develop at higher temperatures throughout a single growing…
Mentioned in descriptions 2 949 varieties reference book.
Winter forms require exposure to low temperatures between 0 and +10°C for 20–70 days to transition to generative development, whereas spring forms require only temperatures between +5 and +20°C for 7–20 days. When winter forms are sown in the spring, plants often fail to form reproductive organs. There are also facultative varieties capable of producing a harvest under both sowing patterns in regions with mild climates.
The choice between these forms depends on risk management, crop rotation, and technical resources. Winter varieties are sown in the autumn; they have higher yield potential due to the utilization of autumn-winter moisture and mature 10–15 days earlier. Spring forms depend on spring-summer precipitation; they possess lower winter hardiness and more frequently exhibit high baking quality.
Variety resistance and productivity are determined by adaptability to local climatic conditions, such as the availability of reliable snow cover for winter forms or tolerance to summer droughts for spring forms. Planning sowings using both forms allows for reduced machinery workload during the spring period, efficient distribution of soil fertility, and protection of the farm against weather-related risks.
Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Vytautas Ruzgas (50%), (Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry) Reine Koppel (30%), Anne Ingver (10%), Merlin Haljak (10%) Centre of Estonian Rural Research and Knowledge
x Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus · Triticale
Padana Sementi Elette S.r.l., CREA-GB
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Bc Institut d.d. Zagreb (HR)
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Agrigenetics d.o.o. (HR)
Papaver somniferum L. · Opium poppy
Dobos Georg, Dr.
Linum usitatissimum L. · Common flax
Wiersum Plantbreeding B.V. (NL)
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Zeneca Seeds UK Ltd
x Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus · Triticale
HAO-DEMETER - Cereal Institute
Triticum durum Desf. · Durum wheat
Shenko Yanev, Tsocho Lalev
Pyrus L. · Pear
FISCHER MANFRED| Prof. Dr. Manfred Fischer / MILDENBERGER| Gisela Mildenberger
x Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus · Triticale
Sejet Planteforaedling I,S
Allium sativum L. · Garlic
Top Semence (FR)
Brassica napus var. napus · Rapeseed
Wallace A Cowling, Canola Breeders Western Australia Pty Ltd
Brassica napus L. · Rapeseed
SVALOF AB
x Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus · Triticale
HEGESAAT GMBH & CO.KG
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Cultivari Getreidezüchtungsforschung Darzau gGmbH
Avena sativa L. · Oat
SW Semundo Limited (GB)
Triticum aestivum L. subsp. spelta (L.) Thell. · Spelt
Stephanie Franck
Pisum sativum L. · Pea
USDA - ARS Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research
Triticum durum Desf. · Durum wheat
Hodowla Roslin Smolice Sp.z o.o Grupa IHAR
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Nordic Seed A/S
Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley
Hodowla Roslin Smolice Sp.z o.o Grupa IHAR
Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat
Gesellschaft für goetheanistische Forschung e.V.
Triticum durum Desf. · Durum wheat
RAGT 2N S.A.S