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Cultivation

Winter and spring forms

The distinction between winter and spring forms is based on the biological requirement for vernalization—a temperature-driven phase necessary for the formation of reproductive organs. Winter forms require cold exposure, whereas spring forms develop at higher temperatures throughout a single growing…

Mentioned in descriptions 2 949 varieties reference book.

Winter forms require exposure to low temperatures between 0 and +10°C for 20–70 days to transition to generative development, whereas spring forms require only temperatures between +5 and +20°C for 7–20 days. When winter forms are sown in the spring, plants often fail to form reproductive organs. There are also facultative varieties capable of producing a harvest under both sowing patterns in regions with mild climates.

The choice between these forms depends on risk management, crop rotation, and technical resources. Winter varieties are sown in the autumn; they have higher yield potential due to the utilization of autumn-winter moisture and mature 10–15 days earlier. Spring forms depend on spring-summer precipitation; they possess lower winter hardiness and more frequently exhibit high baking quality.

Variety resistance and productivity are determined by adaptability to local climatic conditions, such as the availability of reliable snow cover for winter forms or tolerance to summer droughts for spring forms. Planning sowings using both forms allows for reduced machinery workload during the spring period, efficient distribution of soil fertility, and protection of the farm against weather-related risks.

Sources10

Breakdown by crop

Winter and spring forms of common wheat 370 Winter and spring barley forms 187 Winter and spring forms of triticale 141 Winter and spring rapeseed forms 93 Winter and Spring Forms — Durum Wheat 67 Winter and spring forms of oats 50 Winter and spring rapeseed forms 41 Winter and spring forms of rye 26 Winter and spring forms of pea 24 Winter and spring forms of flax 21 Winter and spring forms of spelt and emmer 20 Winter and spring forms of Camelina sativa 17 Winter and Spring Forms of Faba Bean 16 Winter and spring forms of common vetch 13 Winter and spring forms of small-seeded faba beans 13 Winter and spring forms — opium poppy 11 Winter and spring growth habits — common wheat 10 Winter and spring forms of winter cress 10 Winter and spring forms of Triticum monococcum L. 9 Winter and spring forms of garlic 8 Winter and Spring Forms — Red Fescue 7 Winter and Spring Forms of Emmer 7 Winter and spring forms of white lupin 6 Winter and spring forms of onion 4

Found in these crops

Bread wheat 211 Apple 87 Triticale 87 Barley 79 Rapeseed 53 Durum wheat 36 Oat 31 Pea 21 Rapeseed 19 Rye 17 European pear 15 Spelt 14

Varieties that feature this in their description

Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.

Varius

Active

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

STRUBE GMBH&CO.KG

AT PL UA
7 records

Windur

Protection expired

Triticum durum Desf. · Durum wheat

Saatzucht Lochow-Petkus (DE)

AT HR SI
5 records

Todan

Active

x Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus · Triticale

I.G. SAATZUCHT VERWALTUNG| I.G. Saatzucht Verwaltungs GmbH

CZ DE PL
7 records

Soldur

Protection expired

Triticum durum Desf. · Durum wheat

Slovosivo (SK)

CZ FR SK
9 records

Preludio

Active

x Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus · Triticale

Miroslaw Pojmaj

EE LT SE
7 records

Robur

Protection expired

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

Ministere de I' Agriculture I. N. R. A. (FR)

FR HR IT
6 records

Palinka

Protection expired

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

Probstdorfer Saatzucht Ges.m.b.H & Co KG

AT HU SI
6 records

Quartz

Terminated

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

SARL ADRIEN MOMONT ET FILS, FR

AT ES FR
10 records

Plutos

Terminated

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

Strube Research GmbH & Co. KG, D- 38387 Sollingen

AT UA
6 records

Mv Süveges

Protection expired

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

BEDO YOLTAN LANG LASZLOSZUNICS LASZLOVEISZ OTTOVIDA GYULAKARSAI ILDIKOSZUCS PETERSZUNICS LASZLONEJUHASZ ANGELA

HR HU RO
6 records

Joline

Protection expired

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

Nickerson Seeds Ltd (GB)/Nickerson SA (FR)

DK ES FR
8 records

Gatsby

Terminated

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

NICKERSON INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH SNC

LT PL
6 records

Captain

Terminated

Brassica napus var. napus · Rapeseed

Semences Cargill SA (FR)

DK FR HR
8 records

Croissant

Active

Brassica napus var. napus · Rapeseed

Dieter Stelling

DK PL UA
6 records

Cremona

Active

Hordeum vulgare L. · Barley

Saatzucht Donau GmbH & Co.KG

AT PL UA
7 records

Claudius

Active

x Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus · Triticale

Nordsaat Saatzuchtgesellschaft mbH

AT CZ LU
6 records

Almo

Terminated

x Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus · Triticale

ZDHAR Malyszin (PL)

AT PL SI
8 records

Alfaromero

Terminated

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

Nordic Seed A/S

DK EE LT
6 records

Albedo

Protection expired

Secale cereale L. · Rye

SELGEN A.S

AT CZ SK
8 records

Torfrida

Terminated

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

PLANT BREEDING INTERNATIONAL

BE DK
8 records

SU Kalyptus

Terminated

x Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus · Triticale

NORDSAAT SAATZUCHT

DE LT
6 records

SU Carl

Active

x Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus · Triticale

P.H.PETERSEN SAATZUCHT LUNDSGAARD

DE LT
9 records

Tamaro

Protection expired

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

FORSCHUNGSANSTALT FÜR AGRARÖKOLOGIE UND LANDBAU^^^Station Fédérale de Recherches Agronomiques de Changins (RAC)

FR IT
8 records

Santop

Terminated

x Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus · Triticale

Saatzucht Dr.h.c. Hans Hege GbRmbH

AT DE
6 records

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