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Variety traits

Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS)

CMS is a condition in plants where pollen is either not produced or is non-viable despite the normal development of female organs. It is a fundamental trait in commercial seed production that prevents self-pollination and allows the production of hybrid seeds without manual emasculation.

Mentioned in descriptions 4 451 varieties reference book.

Cytoplasmic male sterility manifests as the absence of fertile pollen, while pistillate organs remain functional. In breeding processes, such plants are used as maternal lines, which are pollinated by paternal forms to ensure 100% hybridity of the offspring. To obtain commercial fertile hybrids, nuclear fertility-restorer genes are introduced into the plant genotype, ensuring normal pollen development in the final product.

The trait is evaluated by determining the degree of pollen sterility, morphological examination of anthers for signs of degeneration and their ability to dehisce, as well as by microscopic analysis of pollen grains. Modern methods include the use of molecular DNA markers to identify sterility genes in mitochondria and restorer genes in the nucleus.

The manifestation of CMS depends on the interaction between the genotype and environmental conditions, including temperature and humidity, which can affect the stability of the trait. Incomplete fertility restoration in commercial crops can lead to seed set issues, so when selecting a hybrid, the originator's guarantee regarding the effective performance of fertility restorers under field conditions is important.

Sources10

Breakdown by crop

Male Sterility (CMS) — Hydrangea macrophylla 278 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Maize 76 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Sunflower 74 Male Sterility (CMS) — Sugar Beet 65 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rapeseed 62 Male sterility in Hydrangea 37 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) — Rye 25 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rapeseed 23 Male sterility (CMS) — Spanish lavender 17 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rice 15 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Tobacco 14 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) — White Cabbage 11 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Sorghum 10 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Sweet Cherry 9 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) in Cauliflower 8 Male sterility in Buddleja 8 Male sterility (CMS) — giant miscanthus 8 Male sterility in lilies 8 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Barley 7 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) in Broccoli 7 Male sterility in mandarin 7 Male sterility in carrot 6 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) in Hibiscus syriacus × Hibiscus paramutabilis hybrids 6 Male Sterility (CMS) — Sweet Chestnut 6

Found in these crops

Bigleaf hydrangea 278 Tea-of-heaven 104 Panicled hydrangea 94 Sunflower 77 Maize 74 Rapeseed 69 Sugar beet 64 Hydrangea 38 Rye 26 Rapeseed 22 French lavender 21 Apple 20

Varieties that feature this in their description

Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.

H220913

Active

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. · Bigleaf hydrangea

Hydrangea Breeders Association B.V.

2 records

H218919

Active

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. · Bigleaf hydrangea

Hydrangea Breeders Association B.V.

2 records

H217901

Active

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. · Bigleaf hydrangea

Hydrangea Breeders Association B.V.

2 records

GRHP08

Active

Hydrangea paniculata Siebold · Panicled hydrangea

Guido Rouwette

2 records

Kerbelrip

Active

Primula vulgaris Huds. · Primrose

Kerley David William,Kerley Timothy Edward

2 records

H223905

Active

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. · Bigleaf hydrangea

Hydrangea Breeders Association B.V.

2 records

HP220902

Active

Hydrangea paniculata Siebold · Panicled hydrangea

Hydrangea Breeders Association B.V.

2 records

Giel

Active

Hydrangea aspera Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don · Rough-leaved hydrangea

Giel P. J. Vullings, Boomkwekerij Coonen

2 records

Hifir

Active

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. · Bigleaf hydrangea

Roy Robin van Dijk

2 records

Hokomapfloy

Active

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. · Bigleaf hydrangea

Kolster Peter Rudolf,Eveleens Cornelis Pieter

2 records

Kercalsun

Active

Calendula officinalis x Calendula suffruticosa

David William Kerley, Timothy Edward Kerley, Sarah Elisabeth Kerley, Priscilla Grace Kerley

2 records

Kerbelsnow

Active

Primula vulgaris Huds. · Primrose

Priscilla Grace Kerley, David William Kerley, Timothy Edward Kerley

2 records

H223903

Active

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. · Bigleaf hydrangea

Hydrangea Breeders Association B.V.

2 records

H218922

Active

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. · Bigleaf hydrangea

Hydrangea Breeders Association B.V.

2 records

G15270

Active

Gaillardia Foug. · Blanket flower

Richard A. Grazzini

2 records

H223902

Active

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. · Bigleaf hydrangea

Hydrangea Breeders Association B.V.

2 records

H220908

Active

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. · Bigleaf hydrangea

Hydrangea Breeders Association B.V.

2 records

H218914

Active

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. · Bigleaf hydrangea

Hydrangea Breeders Association B.V.

2 records

H217903

Active

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. · Bigleaf hydrangea

Hydrangea Breeders Association B.V.

2 records

INCLESBIMP

Active

Tarenaya houtteana (Schltdl.) Soares Neto & Roalson · pink-queen

SILVIA HOFMANN|FRIEDHELM LEUCHTENBERGER

2 records

INSALGOSCA

Active

Salvia splendens Sellow ex Schult. · Scarlet sage

Silvia Hofmann

2 records

Inovalaur

Active

Hydrangea anomala D. Don subsp. petiolaris x Hydrangea seemannii L. Riley

Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE) , Saphinov S.N.C.

2 records

INNEMLITCO

Active

Nemesia Vent. · Nemesia

Silvia Hofmann

2 records

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