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Variety traits

Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS)

CMS is a condition in plants where pollen is either not produced or is non-viable despite the normal development of female organs. It is a fundamental trait in commercial seed production that prevents self-pollination and allows the production of hybrid seeds without manual emasculation.

Mentioned in descriptions 4 451 varieties reference book.

Cytoplasmic male sterility manifests as the absence of fertile pollen, while pistillate organs remain functional. In breeding processes, such plants are used as maternal lines, which are pollinated by paternal forms to ensure 100% hybridity of the offspring. To obtain commercial fertile hybrids, nuclear fertility-restorer genes are introduced into the plant genotype, ensuring normal pollen development in the final product.

The trait is evaluated by determining the degree of pollen sterility, morphological examination of anthers for signs of degeneration and their ability to dehisce, as well as by microscopic analysis of pollen grains. Modern methods include the use of molecular DNA markers to identify sterility genes in mitochondria and restorer genes in the nucleus.

The manifestation of CMS depends on the interaction between the genotype and environmental conditions, including temperature and humidity, which can affect the stability of the trait. Incomplete fertility restoration in commercial crops can lead to seed set issues, so when selecting a hybrid, the originator's guarantee regarding the effective performance of fertility restorers under field conditions is important.

Sources10

Breakdown by crop

Male Sterility (CMS) — Hydrangea macrophylla 278 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Maize 76 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Sunflower 74 Male Sterility (CMS) — Sugar Beet 65 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rapeseed 62 Male sterility in Hydrangea 37 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) — Rye 25 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rapeseed 23 Male sterility (CMS) — Spanish lavender 17 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rice 15 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Tobacco 14 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) — White Cabbage 11 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Sorghum 10 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Sweet Cherry 9 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) in Cauliflower 8 Male sterility in Buddleja 8 Male sterility (CMS) — giant miscanthus 8 Male sterility in lilies 8 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Barley 7 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) in Broccoli 7 Male sterility in mandarin 7 Male sterility in carrot 6 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) in Hibiscus syriacus × Hibiscus paramutabilis hybrids 6 Male Sterility (CMS) — Sweet Chestnut 6

Found in these crops

Bigleaf hydrangea 278 Tea-of-heaven 104 Panicled hydrangea 94 Sunflower 77 Maize 74 Rapeseed 69 Sugar beet 64 Hydrangea 38 Rye 26 Rapeseed 22 French lavender 21 Apple 20

Varieties that feature this in their description

Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.

Dolgip

Active

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. · Bigleaf hydrangea

Marie-France Doll

2 records

COSEH 910

Active

Helleborus x nigercors J. T. Wall

Josef Heuger

2 records

COSEH 3050

Active

Helleborus x nigercors J. T. Wall

Josef Heuger

2 records

DIASROROC

Terminated

Diascia Link & Otto · Twinspur

Syngenta Seeds B.V.

2 records

CMT 010

Active

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. · Bigleaf hydrangea

Hiroyuki Mekada, Hiroko Inamura, Tetsuya Kato, Yuka Shimizu

3 records

Darlido

Active

Hydrangea L. · Hydrangea

Darthuizer Boomkwekerijen B.V.

2 records

DARDOM

Active

Hydrangea L. · Hydrangea

Darthuizer Boomkwekerijen B.V.

2 records

Drabb

Active

x Cuprocyparis leylandii (A. B. Jacks. & Dallim.) Farjon · Leyland cypress

Tony Peters

2 records

Dolprim

Active

Hydrangea paniculata Siebold · Panicled hydrangea

Marie-France Doll

2 records

Bocoalsbl

Active

Geranium wallichianum D. Don ex Sweet · Wallich's geranium

Kraan Kees Jan

3 records

Charlize

Active

Coreopsis L. · Tickseed

DARRELL R.PROBST

2 records

Boreas

Active

Miscanthus x giganteus J. M. Greef & Deuter ex Hodk. & Renvoize · Giant miscanthus

John Clifton Brown^^^Lin Huang^^^Charlotte Hayes^^^Danny Awty-Carroll^^^Antonella Iurato^^^Ian Donnison^^^Richard Flavell^^^Jeff Gwyn^^^Chris Ashman^^^Charlie Rodgers

2 records

Big Blue

Active

Eryngium x zabelii Christ ex Bergmans

JEFF HODSON

2 records

Caxton

Terminated

Triticum aestivum L. · Bread wheat

Elsoms Seeds

3 records

COSEH 750

Active

Helleborus x nigercors J. T. Wall

Josef Heuger

2 records

COSEH 4100

Active

Helleborus L. · Christmas Rose

Josef Heuger

2 records

Cherry Sparkler

Active

Cenchrus advena (Wipff & Veldkamp) Morrone · Purple fountain grass

IT Saul Plants LLC, Ronald Strasko

2 records

Carmali

Terminated

Verbena L. · Vervain

Syngenta Seeds B.V.

2 records

BE4207

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Agrigenetics Inc. D/B/A Mycogen Seeds

3 records

BCL1239

Active

Clematis L. · Clematis

Kimmo Rumpunen

2 records

Athena

Application submitted

Miscanthus x giganteus J. M. Greef & Deuter ex Hodk. & Renvoize · Giant miscanthus

Terravesta IP Ltd.

2 records

Camedu

Active

Campanula medium L. · Canterbury bells

Noordam Jan

2 records

Botex 003

Active

Buddleja davidii Franch. · Butterfly bush

Van Son & Koot Holding B.V.

2 records

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