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Variety traits

Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS)

CMS is a condition in plants where pollen is either not produced or is non-viable despite the normal development of female organs. It is a fundamental trait in commercial seed production that prevents self-pollination and allows the production of hybrid seeds without manual emasculation.

Mentioned in descriptions 4 451 varieties reference book.

Cytoplasmic male sterility manifests as the absence of fertile pollen, while pistillate organs remain functional. In breeding processes, such plants are used as maternal lines, which are pollinated by paternal forms to ensure 100% hybridity of the offspring. To obtain commercial fertile hybrids, nuclear fertility-restorer genes are introduced into the plant genotype, ensuring normal pollen development in the final product.

The trait is evaluated by determining the degree of pollen sterility, morphological examination of anthers for signs of degeneration and their ability to dehisce, as well as by microscopic analysis of pollen grains. Modern methods include the use of molecular DNA markers to identify sterility genes in mitochondria and restorer genes in the nucleus.

The manifestation of CMS depends on the interaction between the genotype and environmental conditions, including temperature and humidity, which can affect the stability of the trait. Incomplete fertility restoration in commercial crops can lead to seed set issues, so when selecting a hybrid, the originator's guarantee regarding the effective performance of fertility restorers under field conditions is important.

Sources10

Breakdown by crop

Male Sterility (CMS) — Hydrangea macrophylla 278 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Maize 76 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Sunflower 74 Male Sterility (CMS) — Sugar Beet 65 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rapeseed 62 Male sterility in Hydrangea 37 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) — Rye 25 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rapeseed 23 Male sterility (CMS) — Spanish lavender 17 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rice 15 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Tobacco 14 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) — White Cabbage 11 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Sorghum 10 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Sweet Cherry 9 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) in Cauliflower 8 Male sterility in Buddleja 8 Male sterility (CMS) — giant miscanthus 8 Male sterility in lilies 8 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Barley 7 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) in Broccoli 7 Male sterility in mandarin 7 Male sterility in carrot 6 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) in Hibiscus syriacus × Hibiscus paramutabilis hybrids 6 Male Sterility (CMS) — Sweet Chestnut 6

Found in these crops

Bigleaf hydrangea 278 Tea-of-heaven 104 Panicled hydrangea 94 Sunflower 77 Maize 74 Rapeseed 69 Sugar beet 64 Hydrangea 38 Rye 26 Rapeseed 22 French lavender 21 Apple 20

Varieties that feature this in their description

Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.

Walter

Active

Prunus avium (L.) L. · Sweet cherry

DE
3 records

Sylvia

Terminated

Capsicum annuum L. · Bell pepper

NL
2 records

VERA

Active

Olea europaea L. · Olive

ES
4 records

Unifor

Terminated

Brassica oleracea L. (White Cabbage Group) · White cabbage

NL
2 records

Toskana

Protection expired

Zea mays L. · Maize

SK
2 records

Rosalind

Active

Brassica oleracea L. (Broccoli Group) · Broccoli

DE
2 records

ROF

Active

Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb · Almond

ES
2 records

R0542

Active

Brassica napus L. · Rapeseed

UA
2 records

Scarlati

Protection expired

Cichorium intybus L. (Leaf Chicory Group) · Chicory

NL
3 records

Samurai

Terminated

Brassica napus var. napus · Rapeseed

Serasem, FR

HR
2 records

Pellegrine

Active

Castanea sativa Mill. · Sweet chestnut

FR
2 records

Rpc684

Active

Brassica napus var. napus · Rapeseed

IT
2 records

Roko 20

Active

Oryza sativa L. · Rice

RO
2 records

Ross

Terminated

Zea mays L. · Maize

IT
2 records

MALUENDA

Active

Prunus persica (L.) Batsch · Peach

ES
2 records

Marsol

Active

Castanea sativa Mill. · Sweet chestnut

FR
3 records

Jonagold

Application submitted

Malus Mill. · Apple

SK
2 records

Dunjac

Active

Cydonia oblonga Mill. · Quince

SI
3 records

Delmas

Terminated

Allium porrum L. · Leek

NL
2 records

Debla

Terminated

Capsicum annuum L. · Bell pepper

NL
2 records

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