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Variety traits

Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS)

CMS is a condition in plants where pollen is either not produced or is non-viable despite the normal development of female organs. It is a fundamental trait in commercial seed production that prevents self-pollination and allows the production of hybrid seeds without manual emasculation.

Mentioned in descriptions 4 451 varieties reference book.

Cytoplasmic male sterility manifests as the absence of fertile pollen, while pistillate organs remain functional. In breeding processes, such plants are used as maternal lines, which are pollinated by paternal forms to ensure 100% hybridity of the offspring. To obtain commercial fertile hybrids, nuclear fertility-restorer genes are introduced into the plant genotype, ensuring normal pollen development in the final product.

The trait is evaluated by determining the degree of pollen sterility, morphological examination of anthers for signs of degeneration and their ability to dehisce, as well as by microscopic analysis of pollen grains. Modern methods include the use of molecular DNA markers to identify sterility genes in mitochondria and restorer genes in the nucleus.

The manifestation of CMS depends on the interaction between the genotype and environmental conditions, including temperature and humidity, which can affect the stability of the trait. Incomplete fertility restoration in commercial crops can lead to seed set issues, so when selecting a hybrid, the originator's guarantee regarding the effective performance of fertility restorers under field conditions is important.

Sources10

Breakdown by crop

Male Sterility (CMS) — Hydrangea macrophylla 278 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Maize 76 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Sunflower 74 Male Sterility (CMS) — Sugar Beet 65 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rapeseed 62 Male sterility in Hydrangea 37 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) — Rye 25 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rapeseed 23 Male sterility (CMS) — Spanish lavender 17 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rice 15 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Tobacco 14 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) — White Cabbage 11 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Sorghum 10 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Sweet Cherry 9 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) in Cauliflower 8 Male sterility in Buddleja 8 Male sterility (CMS) — giant miscanthus 8 Male sterility in lilies 8 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Barley 7 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) in Broccoli 7 Male sterility in mandarin 7 Male sterility in carrot 6 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) in Hibiscus syriacus × Hibiscus paramutabilis hybrids 6 Male Sterility (CMS) — Sweet Chestnut 6

Found in these crops

Bigleaf hydrangea 278 Tea-of-heaven 104 Panicled hydrangea 94 Sunflower 77 Maize 74 Rapeseed 69 Sugar beet 64 Hydrangea 38 Rye 26 Rapeseed 22 French lavender 21 Apple 20

Varieties that feature this in their description

Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.

ESF2014CMS

Terminated

Brassica napus var. napus · Rapeseed

Thomas Foubert

UA
1 record

ES Astrid cms

Terminated

Brassica napus var. napus · Rapeseed

Patrice Jeanson

UA
1 record

ES7744 CMS

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

LIDEA FRANCE SAS

UA
2 records

Figaro

Withdrawn

Brassica napus var. napus · Rapeseed

RAPS Gbr Saatzucht Lundsgaard (DE)

FR
1 record

ESF2024CMS

Terminated

Brassica napus var. napus · Rapeseed

Foubert Thomas

UA
2 records

F 1852

Terminated

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE, FR

FR
1 record

ESTA

Withdrawn

Solanum tuberosum L. · Potato

W.LANGE

ES
1 record

Emanuelle

Active

x Amarine Sealy

Agro Fleur Select B.V./Bas van Keulen

NL
1 record

EG7C12 CMS

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

LIDEA FRANCE SAS

UA
2 records

Early Gold

Active

Crocus L. · Crocus

Bondarenko

NL
1 record

Early canada

Terminated

Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai · Watermelon

Domaine Public (FR)

FR
1 record

Cote d'Azur

Active

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. · Bigleaf hydrangea

Information regarding the breeder received in the contribution to CPVO :Rampp

FR
1 record

Degustar

Terminated

Hydrangea L. · Hydrangea

Gussum

NL
1 record

CMS PEREDOVIK

Terminated

Helianthus annuus L. · Sunflower

CECOSA

ES
1 record

Cob

Terminated

hybrids between Prunus avium and Prunus pseudocerasus

EAST MALLING RESEARCH ST. (GB)

FR
1 record

CMS 234

Withdrawn

Helianthus annuus L. · Sunflower

CECOSA

ES
1 record

Dallas

Application submitted

Allium L. · Ornamental Allium

W. Mellema

NL
1 record

CMS-3-8

Terminated

Helianthus annuus L. · Sunflower

Skoric, Dragan / Mihajlcevic, Miroslav / Marinkovic, Radovan / Jocic, Sinisa

HU
1 record

CB 1233

Terminated

Gossypium hirsutum L. · Upland cotton

CHEMBRED INC.

ES
1 record

Castore

Application submitted

Ricinus communis L. · Castor bean

CREA- CENTRO DI RICERCA PER LE COLTURE INDUSTRIALI (CREA-CI-BO)

IT
1 record

Carrera

Application submitted

Brassica napus var. napus · Rapeseed

FRAUEN| Dr. Martin Frauen in Fa. Norddeutsche Pflanzenzucht Hans-Georg Lembke KG.

DE
2 records

CMS GRANIT

Terminated

Brassica napus var. napus · Rapeseed

Danisco semences SARL (FR)

FR
1 record

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