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Variety traits

Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS)

CMS is a condition in plants where pollen is either not produced or is non-viable despite the normal development of female organs. It is a fundamental trait in commercial seed production that prevents self-pollination and allows the production of hybrid seeds without manual emasculation.

Mentioned in descriptions 4 451 varieties reference book.

Cytoplasmic male sterility manifests as the absence of fertile pollen, while pistillate organs remain functional. In breeding processes, such plants are used as maternal lines, which are pollinated by paternal forms to ensure 100% hybridity of the offspring. To obtain commercial fertile hybrids, nuclear fertility-restorer genes are introduced into the plant genotype, ensuring normal pollen development in the final product.

The trait is evaluated by determining the degree of pollen sterility, morphological examination of anthers for signs of degeneration and their ability to dehisce, as well as by microscopic analysis of pollen grains. Modern methods include the use of molecular DNA markers to identify sterility genes in mitochondria and restorer genes in the nucleus.

The manifestation of CMS depends on the interaction between the genotype and environmental conditions, including temperature and humidity, which can affect the stability of the trait. Incomplete fertility restoration in commercial crops can lead to seed set issues, so when selecting a hybrid, the originator's guarantee regarding the effective performance of fertility restorers under field conditions is important.

Sources10

Breakdown by crop

Male Sterility (CMS) — Hydrangea macrophylla 278 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Maize 76 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Sunflower 74 Male Sterility (CMS) — Sugar Beet 65 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rapeseed 62 Male sterility in Hydrangea 37 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) — Rye 25 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rapeseed 23 Male sterility (CMS) — Spanish lavender 17 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rice 15 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Tobacco 14 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) — White Cabbage 11 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Sorghum 10 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Sweet Cherry 9 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) in Cauliflower 8 Male sterility in Buddleja 8 Male sterility (CMS) — giant miscanthus 8 Male sterility in lilies 8 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Barley 7 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) in Broccoli 7 Male sterility in mandarin 7 Male sterility in carrot 6 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) in Hibiscus syriacus × Hibiscus paramutabilis hybrids 6 Male Sterility (CMS) — Sweet Chestnut 6

Found in these crops

Bigleaf hydrangea 278 Tea-of-heaven 104 Panicled hydrangea 94 Sunflower 77 Maize 74 Rapeseed 69 Sugar beet 64 Hydrangea 38 Rye 26 Rapeseed 22 French lavender 21 Apple 20

Varieties that feature this in their description

Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.

221AH012 CMS

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Lidea France S.A.S

UA
2 records

Young Lady

Active

Cotinus Mill. (Rhus L. in part) · Smoke Tree

HENDRIK KOLSTER

1 record

13 D 514 CMS

Terminated

Zea mays L. · Maize

Rene Baratin

UA
1 record

23402

Active

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench · Sorghum

Advanta US Inc

IT
1 record

227WB025CMS

Application submitted

Zea mays L. · Maize

Frantz Boudet

UA
2 records

Winter Passion

Active

Helleborus x nigercors J. T. Wall

Kwekerij Het Wilgenbroek B.V.B.A.

1 record

Ventose

Terminated

x Cuprocyparis leylandii (A. B. Jacks. & Dallim.) Farjon · Leyland cypress

LA JARDINERIE VERNET SARL

1 record

TWD54CC

Active

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize

Limagrain Europe S.A.S

1 record

Tinpurbud

Application submitted

Buddleja davidii Franch. · Butterfly bush

SCOTT C TREES

1 record

TWB07BC

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

Limagrain Europe S.A.S

1 record

White Chip

Active

Buddleja L. · Buddleia

DENNIS J. WERNER|LAYNE K. SNELLING

1 record

TWB08BC

Active

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (Maize Group) · Maize

Limagrain Europe S.A.S

1 record

Sylvester Blue

Active

Nepeta x faassenii Bergmans ex Stearn · Faassen's catnip

GardenGenetics LLC

1 record

Sun Tzu 33

Terminated

Paulownia Sieb. et Zucc. · Empress tree

Vicedex Europa S.L.

1 record

TMDGFP001

Terminated

Digitalis xvalinii J. D. Arm.

BRANDED GARDEN PRODUCTS

1 record

Tmsunbelieve01

Active

Helianthus annuus L. · Sunflower

CHARLES VALIN

1 record

TMDG1301

Terminated

Digitalis xvalinii J. D. Arm.

BRANDED GARDEN PRODUCTS

1 record

Sugaja

Terminated

Gazania rigens (L.) Gaertn. · Treasure flower

Thomas M. Cunneen

1 record

Sheila

Withdrawn

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. · Bigleaf hydrangea

Kwekerij Sidaco B.V.

1 record

Stainless Steel

Withdrawn

Aconitum L. · Monkshood

A. Geertings & Zonen B.V.

1 record

SCHROLLA19

Active

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. · Bigleaf hydrangea

Schroll Management ApS

1 record

Sara

Terminated

Begonia x hiemalis Fotsch · Elatior Begonia

Pligt Professionel B.V.

1 record

SALLY2014

Active

Salvia x sylvestris L. · Wood sage

BURPEE NL B.V.

1 record

Rencolor

Active

Hydrangea paniculata Siebold · Panicled hydrangea

Jean Renault

1 record

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