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Variety traits

Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS)

CMS is a condition in plants where pollen is either not produced or is non-viable despite the normal development of female organs. It is a fundamental trait in commercial seed production that prevents self-pollination and allows the production of hybrid seeds without manual emasculation.

Mentioned in descriptions 4 451 varieties reference book.

Cytoplasmic male sterility manifests as the absence of fertile pollen, while pistillate organs remain functional. In breeding processes, such plants are used as maternal lines, which are pollinated by paternal forms to ensure 100% hybridity of the offspring. To obtain commercial fertile hybrids, nuclear fertility-restorer genes are introduced into the plant genotype, ensuring normal pollen development in the final product.

The trait is evaluated by determining the degree of pollen sterility, morphological examination of anthers for signs of degeneration and their ability to dehisce, as well as by microscopic analysis of pollen grains. Modern methods include the use of molecular DNA markers to identify sterility genes in mitochondria and restorer genes in the nucleus.

The manifestation of CMS depends on the interaction between the genotype and environmental conditions, including temperature and humidity, which can affect the stability of the trait. Incomplete fertility restoration in commercial crops can lead to seed set issues, so when selecting a hybrid, the originator's guarantee regarding the effective performance of fertility restorers under field conditions is important.

Sources10

Breakdown by crop

Male Sterility (CMS) — Hydrangea macrophylla 278 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Maize 76 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Sunflower 74 Male Sterility (CMS) — Sugar Beet 65 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rapeseed 62 Male sterility in Hydrangea 37 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) — Rye 25 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rapeseed 23 Male sterility (CMS) — Spanish lavender 17 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rice 15 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Tobacco 14 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) — White Cabbage 11 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Sorghum 10 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Sweet Cherry 9 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) in Cauliflower 8 Male sterility in Buddleja 8 Male sterility (CMS) — giant miscanthus 8 Male sterility in lilies 8 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Barley 7 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) in Broccoli 7 Male sterility in mandarin 7 Male sterility in carrot 6 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) in Hibiscus syriacus × Hibiscus paramutabilis hybrids 6 Male Sterility (CMS) — Sweet Chestnut 6

Found in these crops

Bigleaf hydrangea 278 Tea-of-heaven 104 Panicled hydrangea 94 Sunflower 77 Maize 74 Rapeseed 69 Sugar beet 64 Hydrangea 38 Rye 26 Rapeseed 22 French lavender 21 Apple 20

Varieties that feature this in their description

Selection based on the description text, not official resistance ratings: such data is not available in registers. Mention indicates that the trait is discussed in the variety's sources; see the variety's profile for details on what is specifically stated.

RF714912A

Active

Daucus carota L. · Carrot

Seminis Vegetable Seeds

2 records

Resi

Active

Hybrids between Hibiscus paramutabilis and Hibiscus syriacus

P. THEUNISSEN

2 records

Renxolor

Active

Hydrangea paniculata Siebold · Panicled hydrangea

Jean Renault

2 records

Pisa

Active

Astrantia major L. · Masterwort

Petronella Maria Geerlings-Lommerse

2 records

Pure Feelings

Active

Phlox paniculata L. · Garden phlox

van Gaalen Rene|2286 KL Rijswijk, NL

2 records

Pinot Noir

Protection expired

Cosmos atrosanguineus (Hook.) Voss · Chocolate cosmos

Russell Poulter, MARGARET BUTLER

2 records

Perpetuo

Active

Ocimum basilicum L. · Basil

Pierre Bennerup

3 records

Pha263

Active

Helianthus annuus L. · Sunflower

PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL

2 records

Polwina

Active

Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier · Garden strawberry

VISSERS AMERICA B.V.

3 records

Podaras 9

Active

Buddleja davidii Franch. · Butterfly bush

Cornell University

2 records

Ph1004b

Active

Helianthus annuus L. · Sunflower

PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL

2 records

Perfection

Active

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. · Bigleaf hydrangea

Ryoji Irie

2 records

Pink Cascade

Active

Buddleja davidii Franch. · Butterfly bush

Hansen Hans A

2 records

Pink Octopus

Active

Campanula punctata Lam. x Campanula takesimana Nakai

Janet N. Egger

2 records

Nanping

Active

Hydrangea L. · Hydrangea

KONINKLIJKE HANDELSKWEKERIJ

2 records

Novanepjun

Active

Nepeta x faassenii Bergmans ex Stearn · Faassen's catnip

MICHAEL S DOBRES

2 records

PH269A

Active

Zea mays L. · Maize

PIONEER OVERSEAS CORPORATION

2 records

Merlin

Terminated

Verbascum epixanthinum x Verbascum phoeniceum L.

Claire Wilson

2 records

Mirage

Terminated

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. · Bigleaf hydrangea

Challet Herault S.A.S.

2 records

Mckay

Active

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. · Bigleaf hydrangea

Thomas J. Buechel

2 records

Koria

Active

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. · Bigleaf hydrangea

Cornelis Pieter Eveleens

4 records

MAK2

Active

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. · Bigleaf hydrangea

TIMOTHY D WOOD

2 records

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